<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Work After AI]]></title><description><![CDATA[Der jährliche Report darüber, wie künstliche Intelligenz Arbeit, Organisationen und Unternehmenssoftware wirklich verändert, aus europäischer Sicht.]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNXM!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ddee3c-b75c-4233-b946-8d85ffea3a88_1024x1024.png</url><title>Work After AI</title><link>https://www.workafterai.org</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2026 11:41:53 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.workafterai.org/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[de]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[gerhardkuerner@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[gerhardkuerner@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[gerhardkuerner@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[gerhardkuerner@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Der erste Jahresreport in Europa, den es vollständig für Maschinen gibt]]></title><description><![CDATA[Wir bauen gerade zwei Welten, eine f&#252;r Menschen und eine f&#252;r Maschinen. Was das bedeutet und warum jedes Unternehmen nachziehen wird.]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/zwei-welten</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/zwei-welten</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2026 07:01:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eab1185b-b186-4bad-86ab-6bd8d7e6a8be_2560x1440.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Seit gestern liegt &#8222;Work After AI&#8220; vollst&#228;ndig auf meiner Website, und zwar in zwei Fassungen. Die eine ist f&#252;r Menschen geschrieben: der Report als PDF mit 121 Seiten, die Management Summary auf einer Seite und die Webfassung mit allen Kernbefunden und Prognosen. Die andere ist f&#252;r Maschinen gebaut, und es gibt sie seit der Fassung 1.2 vom 24. September. Soweit ich sehe, hat bisher kein anderer Jahresreport in Europa eine solche Fassung. Gepr&#252;ft habe ich rund 50 Institute, Verb&#228;nde, Statistik&#228;mter und Beratungen in Deutschland, &#214;sterreich und der Schweiz und rund 25 Herausgeber im &#252;brigen Europa, darunter die OECD in Paris und Air Street Capital in London mit dem State of AI Report. Einige bieten Teile davon an, etwa eine Kurzbeschreibung f&#252;r Sprachmodelle oder ausgew&#228;hlte Kennzahlen als Datei. Eine vollst&#228;ndige Fassung hat keiner.</p><h2>Die Fassung f&#252;r Maschinen macht jede Zahl nachpr&#252;fbar</h2><p>Sprachmodelle k&#246;nnen jede PDF lesen. Sie behalten dabei jedoch die Zahl und verlieren die Quelle, die Fassung und den Zusammenhang. In der Fassung f&#252;r Maschinen geht nichts davon verloren. Sie enth&#228;lt den vollst&#228;ndigen Text mit einer festen Kennung f&#252;r jedes Kapitel, jeden Kernbefund, jede Prognose und jede der 141 Quellen. Der dritte Kernbefund tr&#228;gt zum Beispiel die Kennung WAAI-2026-K03. Dazu kommen die Kernbefunde, Prognosen und Quellen als Datens&#228;tze, eine Kurzbeschreibung f&#252;r Sprachmodelle und ein Zusatzpaket (Skill), das sich in Claude, ChatGPT oder Copilot laden l&#228;sst. Wenn eine Personalchefin ihren KI-Assistenten fragt, was der Report &#252;ber den Berufseinstieg sagt, erh&#228;lt sie eine Antwort mit Fassung, Kennung und Quelle. Sie kann jede Zahl nachpr&#252;fen, statt ihr glauben zu m&#252;ssen.</p><h2>Das Netz hat seit Juni zwei Leserschaften, die meisten Unternehmen bedienen nur eine</h2><p>Anfang Juni meldete Cloudflare erstmals mehr Anfragen von Bots und KI-Agenten als von Menschen im eigenen Netz. Cloudflare-Chef Matthew Prince hatte diesen &#220;bergang erst f&#252;r Ende 2027 erwartet. Seither hat jede Website, jeder Shop und jedes Kundenportal ein zweites Publikum. Dieses Publikum sieht kein Design, liest keinen Werbetext und f&#252;llt kein Formular aus. Es kommt mit einer Aufgabe und braucht eine Antwort in einer Form, mit der es arbeiten kann. Die meisten Unternehmen haben ihre digitale Welt bisher ausschlie&#223;lich f&#252;r Menschen gebaut, mit Bildern, Texten und Kn&#246;pfen.</p><p>Ich bin &#252;berzeugt, dass wir in den kommenden Jahren zwei Welten nebeneinander bauen werden. In der ersten Welt z&#228;hlen Haltung, Gestaltung und die B&#252;hne, auf der jemand eine These vertritt und sich der Diskussion stellt. In der zweiten Welt z&#228;hlen eine klare Ordnung, eine nachvollziehbare Herkunft und Aussagen, die sich eindeutig zitieren lassen. Die zweite Welt ist keine Kopie der ersten, sondern ein eigenes Werk mit eigenen Regeln. Banken werden ihre Konditionen so ver&#246;ffentlichen, dass Software sie abfragen und vergleichen kann. H&#228;ndler werden ihre Preise und Lagerbest&#228;nde f&#252;r die Einkaufsassistenten der K&#228;ufer lesbar machen, und Zulieferer werden Anfragen direkt von der Einkaufssoftware ihrer Kunden erhalten, ohne dass auf einer der beiden Seiten ein Mensch tippt.</p><h2>Wer die zweite Welt zuerst baut, wird von den Maschinen zitiert</h2><p>Zugegeben, die meisten Leser werden weiterhin die PDF &#246;ffnen, und das ist gut so. F&#252;r einen Report ist die zweite Welt trotzdem keine technische Frage, sondern eine Frage der Urheberschaft. KI-Assistenten greifen bevorzugt auf die Quellen zur&#252;ck, die sie sauber lesen und zuordnen k&#246;nnen, und sie nennen diese Quellen so lange, bis jemand eine bessere liefert. Wer seine Befunde heute mit Kennung, Fassung und Quelle anbietet, wird morgen genannt. Wer weiterhin nur eine PDF anbietet, wird nacherz&#228;hlt, und zwar ohne seinen Namen.</p><p>Deshalb erscheint &#8222;Work After AI&#8220; in beiden Welten. Die Menschen erhalten den Report, die Keynote und die Diskussion. Die Maschinen erhalten dieselben Befunde in der Form, mit der sie arbeiten k&#246;nnen. Beide Fassungen entstehen aus demselben Text und werden bei jeder Aktualisierung gemeinsam fortgeschrieben, damit die Zahl im Assistenten nie &#228;lter ist als die Zahl in der PDF.</p><p>Alles liegt kostenlos auf <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/">gerhardkuerner.com/downloads</a>: der Report auf Deutsch und Englisch, beide Management Summaries, die Fassung f&#252;r Maschinen in beiden Sprachen und ein Gesamtpaket, das alles in einer Datei enth&#228;lt. Wie man die Fassung in einen KI-Assistenten l&#228;dt, steht auf der Seite <a href="https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-report-fur-maschinen">&#8222;Der Report f&#252;r Maschinen&#8220;</a>.</p><p>In wenigen Jahren wird es so selbstverst&#228;ndlich sein, dass ein Report, ein Katalog oder eine Preisliste auch f&#252;r Maschinen erscheint, wie es heute selbstverst&#228;ndlich ist, dass ein Unternehmen eine Website hat. Offen ist nur, wer die zweite Welt baut, solange dort noch Platz ist. Ich habe damit begonnen.</p><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner ist Autor von Work After AI, CEO von 506.ai und Mitgr&#252;nder von Choose European.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Wer künstliche Intelligenz einführt, wächst bei den Erfahrenen und kürzt zuerst beim Berufseinstieg, und genau das ist die Karrierelücke]]></title><description><![CDATA[Eine Studie des Stanford Digital Economy Lab vergleicht erstmals in 41 L&#228;ndern Unternehmen, die generative KI einf&#252;hren, mit solchen, die es nicht tun.]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/wer-kunstliche-intelligenz-einfuhrt-6ec</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/wer-kunstliche-intelligenz-einfuhrt-6ec</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2026 13:34:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f51c0760-6599-459c-8a81-538c3093cea0_2560x1440.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Eine Studie des Stanford Digital Economy Lab vergleicht zum ersten Mal in 41 L&#228;ndern Unternehmen, die generative KI einf&#252;hren, mit solchen, die es nicht tun. Sie beantwortet die Frage, an der der Report Work After AI 2026 im September noch offen enden musste, und sie beantwortet sie anders, als die lauteste Lesart erwartet.</em></p><p>Der Report Work After AI 2026 h&#228;lt in seinem dritten Kernbefund fest, dass die Karrierel&#252;cke beim Einstellen entsteht und nicht beim K&#252;ndigen. Die Besch&#228;ftigung der 22- bis 25-J&#228;hrigen in den am st&#228;rksten exponierten Berufen liegt in den Vereinigten Staaten 19 Prozent unter dem Stand ihrer Altersgenossen in weniger exponierten Berufen, und dieser Abstand kommt vollst&#228;ndig &#252;ber ausbleibende Einstellungen zustande. Offen bleiben musste im September die Frage nach der Ursache, denn die Forschung war sich dar&#252;ber nicht einig. Zwei der sorgf&#228;ltigsten Studien, die d&#228;nische Registerstudie von Anders Humlum und Emilie Vestergaard und die Auswertung des Zahlungsdienstleisters Ramp (ramp.com) mit dem Arbeitsmarktdatenanbieter Revelio Labs (reveliolabs.com), kamen &#252;bereinstimmend zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Einbruch gerade nicht von jenen Firmen ausgeht, die die Technologie tats&#228;chlich einf&#252;hren. Wer das ernst nahm, musste die Ursache woanders suchen, bei den Zinsen, beim Homeoffice oder bei der Konjunktur.</p><p>Am 20. September 2026 hat das Stanford Digital Economy Lab ein Arbeitspapier ver&#246;ffentlicht, das diese Frage neu stellt und breiter beantwortet als jede Studie zuvor. Bharat Chandar, Mitautor jener Stanford-Reihe, aus der die 19 Prozent stammen, und Bouke Klein Teeselink vom King's College London haben unter dem Titel &#8222;How Does AI Change Labor Demand? Evidence from 41 Countries&#8220; untersucht, was in den Belegschaften von Unternehmen geschieht, die generative KI nachweislich einf&#252;hren. Diese Analyse ber&#252;hrt den dritten und den vierten Kernbefund des Reports, und sie ist seit dem 3. Oktober als Quelle 143 in der kommenden Fassung 1.3 eingearbeitet.</p><h2>Die Studie vergleicht Unternehmen und nicht Berufe, und das ist der entscheidende Unterschied</h2><p>Fast alle Arbeiten zum Berufseinstieg, auch die Stanford-Reihe selbst, sortieren Berufe danach, wie viel ihrer Arbeit eine Maschine theoretisch &#252;bernehmen k&#246;nnte, und vergleichen dann die Besch&#228;ftigung in st&#228;rker und schw&#228;cher exponierten Berufen. Diese Exposition ist eine M&#246;glichkeit, keine Tatsache, und der Report warnt an mehreren Stellen davor, sie mit Ersetzung zu verwechseln. Chandar und Klein Teeselink gehen den anderen Weg. Sie fragen nicht, was die Maschine k&#246;nnte, sondern wer sie einsetzt.</p><p>Als Einf&#252;hrung z&#228;hlt dabei, dass ein Unternehmen nach dem Start von ChatGPT mindestens eine Stelle ausgeschrieben hat, in der der Umgang mit generativer KI verlangt oder gew&#252;nscht wird. Aus 1,25 Milliarden Stellenanzeigen aus 41 L&#228;ndern haben die Autoren zun&#228;chst mit Schlagw&#246;rtern und dann mit einem Sprachmodell 1,36 Millionen solcher Anzeigen herausgefiltert, wobei der zweite Schritt Fehltreffer wie die Copiloten von Fluglinien, Bewerber mit dem Vornamen Claude und den juristischen Abschluss LLM aussortiert. Gemessen wird anschlie&#223;end nicht die Anzeige, sondern die Belegschaft. Daf&#252;r stehen 154 Millionen Besch&#228;ftigungsverh&#228;ltnisse aus &#246;ffentlichen Berufsprofilen zur Verf&#252;gung, &#252;berwiegend aus LinkedIn, aufbereitet von Revelio Labs, also von demselben Anbieter, auf dessen Daten auch die Ramp-Auswertung beruht.</p><p>Der eigentliche Kunstgriff liegt im Vergleich. Unternehmen, die KI einf&#252;hren, sind gr&#246;&#223;er, zahlen besser und besch&#228;ftigen mehr Menschen in exponierten Berufen als andere, und sie wachsen wom&#246;glich aus Gr&#252;nden, die mit der Technologie nichts zu tun haben. Ein schlichter Vergleich w&#252;rde deshalb die Wirkung der Einf&#252;hrung mit der Auswahl der Einf&#252;hrenden verwechseln. Die Autoren betrachten darum ausschlie&#223;lich Auslandst&#246;chter multinationaler Konzerne, stellen jeder Tochter eines einf&#252;hrenden Unternehmens vergleichbare T&#246;chter von Unternehmen ohne KI-Einf&#252;hrung im selben Land und derselben Branche gegen&#252;ber, und sie erkl&#228;ren die Einf&#252;hrung selbst &#252;ber einen Umweg: Unternehmen f&#252;hren die Technologie eher ein, wenn die anderen Konzernm&#252;tter am Hauptsitz ihrer eigenen Mutter sie einf&#252;hren, und was die Mutter tut, kommt bei den T&#246;chtern im Ausland an. Was mit der Belegschaft einer Tochter in Brasilien geschieht, wird also daraus erkl&#228;rt, was die Nachbarn ihrer Mutter in Chicago oder Paris tun. Das ist ein Instrument, mit dem sich die Auswahl von der Wirkung trennen l&#228;sst, und die Autoren pr&#252;fen es mit einem Dutzend Gegenrechnungen, die das Bild nicht ver&#228;ndern.</p><h2>Die Verschiebung entsteht durch Wachstum oben und nicht durch Abbau unten</h2><p>Das Ergebnis l&#228;sst sich in einem Satz sagen: Die Einf&#252;hrung der Technologie ver&#228;ndert, wen ein Unternehmen besch&#228;ftigt, und kaum, wie viele. Bis M&#228;rz 2026, also gut drei Jahre nach dem Start von ChatGPT, ist der Anteil der Berufseinsteiger an der Belegschaft der einf&#252;hrenden T&#246;chter um 1,9 Prozentpunkte gesunken, von einem Ausgangswert von 57 Prozent. Der R&#252;ckgang beginnt fast unmittelbar nach dem Start und setzt sich drei Jahre lang fort.</p><p>Entscheidend ist jedoch, woraus dieser R&#252;ckgang besteht. Die Zahl der erfahrenen Besch&#228;ftigten steigt in den einf&#252;hrenden T&#246;chtern um 6,7 Prozent. Die Zahl der Einsteiger liegt um 2,5 Prozent niedriger, und dieser Wert ist statistisch nicht von null zu unterscheiden. Die Gesamtbesch&#228;ftigung w&#228;chst um 3,3 Prozent. In Personen gerechnet besch&#228;ftigt die durchschnittliche einf&#252;hrende Tochter mit rund 255 Positionen im M&#228;rz 2026 etwa acht Erfahrene mehr und vier Einsteiger weniger, als sie es ohne die Einf&#252;hrung t&#228;te. Einen Abbau zeigen diese Daten nicht. Die Belegschaft wird nach oben umgebaut.</p><p>Dieses Muster ist kein amerikanischer Sonderfall. F&#252;r 31 L&#228;nder l&#228;sst sich die Rechnung einzeln aufstellen, und in 23 davon sinkt der Einsteigeranteil, statistisch gesichert in den Vereinigten Staaten, in Gro&#223;britannien, Spanien, Polen, Brasilien, Mexiko und Saudi-Arabien. In keinem einzigen Land sinkt die Gesamtbesch&#228;ftigung der einf&#252;hrenden T&#246;chter messbar. Das Muster zeigt sich im Informationssektor am st&#228;rksten, aber es zeigt sich auch au&#223;erhalb, nur schw&#228;cher, und es zeigt sich unabh&#228;ngig davon, ob die erste KI-Stelle eines Unternehmens eine Entwicklerin, ein Jurist, ein Manager oder eine Designerin war. Der R&#252;ckgang des Einsteigeranteils ist also kein Nebenprodukt davon, dass Unternehmen KI-Fachleute einstellen.</p><p>Innerhalb der Berufe verschiebt sich dabei die Nachfrage. Bei den Erfahrenen wandert sie um 5 Prozent zu den am st&#228;rksten exponierten T&#228;tigkeiten hin, bei den Einsteigern um 2 Prozent von ihnen weg. Am deutlichsten w&#228;chst der Anteil der Informatik- und Mathematikberufe an der Belegschaft, und ausgerechnet dort f&#228;llt der Einsteigeranteil am st&#228;rksten, um 3,3 Prozentpunkte. Signifikante R&#252;ckg&#228;nge des Einsteigeranteils zeigen sich au&#223;erdem in den Rechtsberufen, in Betriebswirtschaft und Finanzen, im Vertrieb und im Management, alles Berufsgruppen aus der oberen H&#228;lfte der Expositionsrangfolge. Die Autoren ziehen daraus den Schluss, dass die Technologie bei den Einsteigern Arbeit einspart und bei den Erfahrenen in exponierten T&#228;tigkeiten zus&#228;tzliche schafft.</p><h2>F&#252;r den Report ist das ein Widerspruch an einer Stelle und eine Best&#228;tigung an der anderen</h2><p>Der Widerspruch betrifft die Zuschreibung. Die d&#228;nische Studie und die Ramp-Auswertung sahen den Einbruch nicht bei den einf&#252;hrenden Unternehmen. Chandar und Klein Teeselink sehen ihn mit derselben Datenklasse, aber mit einem anderen Ma&#223; f&#252;r die Einf&#252;hrung, in 41 statt in einem Land und mit einem Instrument, das die Auswahl von der Wirkung trennt, genau dort. Beide Befunde bleiben im Report nebeneinander stehen, denn eine Studie hebt die andere nicht auf. Die Gewichte haben sich jedoch verschoben. Wer heute sagt, der Umbau beim Berufseinstieg habe mit der Technologie nichts zu tun, muss die bisher breiteste Messung dazu erkl&#228;ren.</p><p>Die Best&#228;tigung betrifft die Leitthese. Der Report hat den Jobkiller von Anfang an als Story der Kapitalm&#228;rkte gelesen und die tats&#228;chliche Wirkung der Technologie im Umbau der Organisation verortet, nicht im Abbau der Belegschaft. Genau das zeigt diese Studie: Die einf&#252;hrenden Unternehmen werden nicht kleiner, sie werden erfahrener. Das ist zugleich der erste besch&#228;ftigungsseitige Beleg f&#252;r den Mechanismus, den die &#246;sterreichische Berichterstattung im Sommer als Seniorisierung bezeichnet hat. Das AI Jobs Barometer von PwC (pwc.com) hatte ihn nur in Stellenanzeigen gezeigt, also in dem, was Arbeitgeber verlangen. Hier zeigt er sich in dem, wen sie besch&#228;ftigen.</p><p>Zwei Dinge d&#252;rfen dabei nicht geschehen. Die 19 Prozent der Stanford-Reihe und die 6,7 Prozent dieser Studie sind keine gegenseitige Best&#228;tigung, obwohl ein Autor an beiden beteiligt ist, denn die eine misst Berufe nach Exposition in Lohnabrechnungsdaten und die andere Unternehmen nach Einf&#252;hrung in Berufsprofilen. Und der Zuwachs der einf&#252;hrenden Unternehmen ist kein Zuwachs der Gesamtwirtschaft. Die Autoren halten in ihrem eigenen Modell ausdr&#252;cklich fest, dass einf&#252;hrende Unternehmen auch deshalb wachsen k&#246;nnen, weil sie den anderen Marktanteile abnehmen, und dass die Besch&#228;ftigung insgesamt dabei sogar sinken kann. Was die Studie zeigt, ist die Entscheidung im einzelnen Unternehmen. Was sie nicht zeigt, ist die Summe.</p><h2>F&#252;r den deutschsprachigen Raum sagt die Studie nichts, und das ist selbst ein Befund</h2><p>Deutschland, &#214;sterreich und die Schweiz sind in den 41 L&#228;ndern enthalten, und f&#252;r alle drei bleiben die Sch&#228;tzungen ohne gesichertes Ergebnis. F&#252;r Deutschland liegen alle vier Gr&#246;&#223;en nahe null, mit breiten Unsicherheitsbereichen. F&#252;r &#214;sterreich zeigt der Einsteigeranteil leicht nach unten und die Gesamtbesch&#228;ftigung leicht nach oben, beides nicht gesichert. F&#252;r die Schweiz zeigen die Sch&#228;tzungen in die Gegenrichtung, ebenfalls nicht gesichert. Wer diese Studie als Beleg f&#252;r den DACH-Raum zitiert, zitiert sie falsch.</p><p>Daf&#252;r gibt es zwei Gr&#252;nde, und beide stehen schon im Report. Der erste ist die Datengrundlage. Berufsprofile aus LinkedIn decken in den Vereinigten Staaten rund zwei Drittel der amtlichen Besch&#228;ftigung ab, in Deutschland 23 Prozent und in &#214;sterreich 27 Prozent, und sie &#252;berzeichnen F&#252;hrungskr&#228;fte und Fachleute, w&#228;hrend manuelle Berufe fast fehlen. Der zweite Grund ist das Messinstrument selbst. Die Einf&#252;hrung wird an Stellenanzeigen erkannt, in denen KI-F&#228;higkeiten verlangt werden, und genau diese Anzeigen sind in &#214;sterreich besonders selten. Im Report steht dazu der &#246;sterreichische Dreiklang: &#214;sterreichische Unternehmen setzen die Technologie &#252;berdurchschnittlich h&#228;ufig ein, 30 Prozent nach Eurostat, und schreiben trotzdem fast keine Stellen aus, in denen sie verlangt wird, 0,8 Prozent nach dem Stanford AI Index. In den Daten dieser Studie liegt der Anteil der KI-Anzeigen in &#214;sterreich bei 0,03 Prozent, in Deutschland bei 0,04 Prozent, in Indien, Israel und der Slowakei liegt er zehnmal h&#246;her. Ein Instrument, das die Einf&#252;hrung an der Nachfrage nach KI-F&#228;higkeiten in Anzeigen erkennt, ist in einer Region fast blind, in der Unternehmen die Technologie &#252;ber eingekaufte Werkzeuge nutzen, ohne daf&#252;r Fachkr&#228;fte zu suchen. Ob der Umbau nach oben in den deutschsprachigen Belegschaften ausbleibt oder nur nicht gemessen wird, l&#228;sst sich mit dieser Studie nicht entscheiden. Der Report liest das Ausbleiben des amerikanischen Musters in Europa seit September als Zeitfenster und nicht als Gegenbeweis, und dabei bleibt es.</p><h2>Der Berufseinstieg wird nicht gestrichen, seine Anforderungen steigen, und das ist eine Entscheidung im Haus</h2><p>Was bleibt, ist die klarste Beschreibung dessen, was die Einf&#252;hrung der Technologie mit einer Belegschaft macht, die bisher vorliegt. Die einf&#252;hrenden Unternehmen stellen nicht weniger Menschen ein. Sie stellen andere ein. Die Arbeit, die fr&#252;her die Lernaufgabe des Einstiegs war, wird dort von Erfahrenen mit der Maschine erledigt, und der Einstieg r&#252;ckt eine Stufe nach oben, in die Aufsicht &#252;ber das, was die Maschine liefert. Das ist der vierte Kernbefund des Reports, und er hat jetzt eine Messung in 41 L&#228;ndern hinter sich.</p><p>F&#252;r F&#252;hrungskr&#228;fte folgt daraus keine Entwarnung, sondern eine Verortung. Die Karrierel&#252;cke entsteht nicht irgendwo in der Volkswirtschaft, sie entsteht im Einstellungsplan jener Unternehmen, die mit der Technologie arbeiten. Dort f&#228;llt die Entscheidung, ob die acht zus&#228;tzlichen Erfahrenen von 2026 die Erfahrenen von 2032 ersetzen k&#246;nnen, die nie eingestellt wurden. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Unternehmen diese Entscheidung bisher in eine Richtung treffen. Sie zeigt nicht, dass sie richtig ist. In einem Land wie Deutschland, in dem bis 2040 30 Prozent der Erwerbspersonen in Rente gehen, ist sie wahrscheinlich falsch, und sie l&#228;sst sich, anders als die Konjunktur und die Zinsen, im eigenen Haus korrigieren.</p><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner ist Autor von Work After AI, CEO von 506.ai und Mitgr&#252;nder von Choose European.</em></p><p>Report als PDF: <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_DE.pdf">https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_DE.pdf</a></p><p>Website: <a href="http://workafterai.org/">workafterai.org</a></p><p>Startartikel: <a href="https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-jobkiller-ki-ist-eine-story-der">https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-jobkiller-ki-ist-eine-story-der</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Wer künstliche Intelligenz einführt, wächst bei den Erfahrenen und kürzt zuerst beim Berufseinstieg, und genau das ist die Karrierelücke]]></title><description><![CDATA[Die erste Studie, die in 41 L&#228;ndern Unternehmen mit und ohne KI-Einf&#252;hrung vergleicht, beantwortet die Frage, an der der Report im September offen enden musste, und sie beantwortet sie anders, als die lauteste Lesart erwartet.]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/wer-kunstliche-intelligenz-einfuhrt</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/wer-kunstliche-intelligenz-einfuhrt</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2026 05:04:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNXM!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ddee3c-b75c-4233-b946-8d85ffea3a88_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Der Report Work After AI 2026 h&#228;lt in seinem dritten Kernbefund fest, dass die Karrierel&#252;cke beim Einstellen entsteht und nicht beim K&#252;ndigen. Die Besch&#228;ftigung der 22- bis 25-J&#228;hrigen in den am st&#228;rksten exponierten Berufen liegt in den Vereinigten Staaten 19 Prozent unter dem Stand ihrer Altersgenossen in weniger exponierten Berufen, und dieser Abstand kommt vollst&#228;ndig &#252;ber ausbleibende Einstellungen zustande. Offen bleiben musste im September die Frage nach der Ursache, denn die Forschung war sich dar&#252;ber nicht einig. Zwei der sorgf&#228;ltigsten Studien, die d&#228;nische Registerstudie von Anders Humlum und Emilie Vestergaard und die Auswertung des Zahlungsdienstleisters Ramp (ramp.com) mit dem Arbeitsmarktdatenanbieter Revelio Labs (reveliolabs.com), kamen &#252;bereinstimmend zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Einbruch gerade nicht von jenen Firmen ausgeht, die die Technologie tats&#228;chlich einf&#252;hren. Wer das ernst nahm, musste die Ursache woanders suchen, bei den Zinsen, beim Homeoffice oder bei der Konjunktur.</p><p>Am 20. September 2026 hat das Stanford Digital Economy Lab ein Arbeitspapier ver&#246;ffentlicht, das diese Frage neu stellt und breiter beantwortet als jede Studie zuvor. Bharat Chandar, Mitautor jener Stanford-Reihe, aus der die 19 Prozent stammen, und Bouke Klein Teeselink vom King's College London haben unter dem Titel &#8222;How Does AI Change Labor Demand? Evidence from 41 Countries" untersucht, was in den Belegschaften von Unternehmen geschieht, die generative KI nachweislich einf&#252;hren. Diese Analyse ber&#252;hrt den dritten und den vierten Kernbefund des Reports, und sie ist seit dem 3. Oktober als Quelle 143 in der kommenden Fassung 1.3 eingearbeitet.</p><h2>Die Studie vergleicht Unternehmen und nicht Berufe, und das ist der entscheidende Unterschied</h2><p>Fast alle Arbeiten zum Berufseinstieg, auch die Stanford-Reihe selbst, sortieren Berufe danach, wie viel ihrer Arbeit eine Maschine theoretisch &#252;bernehmen k&#246;nnte, und vergleichen dann die Besch&#228;ftigung in st&#228;rker und schw&#228;cher exponierten Berufen. Diese Exposition ist eine M&#246;glichkeit, keine Tatsache, und der Report warnt an mehreren Stellen davor, sie mit Ersetzung zu verwechseln. Chandar und Klein Teeselink gehen den anderen Weg. Sie fragen nicht, was die Maschine k&#246;nnte, sondern wer sie einsetzt. F&#252;r die Einordnung hei&#223;t das: Diese Studie misst die Wirkung der KI-Einf&#252;hrung auf die Belegschaft und nicht die Exposition, und sie misst diese Wirkung auf der Ebene des einzelnen Unternehmens, nicht in der Volkswirtschaft.</p><p>Als Einf&#252;hrung z&#228;hlt dabei, dass ein Unternehmen nach dem Start von ChatGPT mindestens eine Stelle ausgeschrieben hat, in der der Umgang mit generativer KI verlangt oder gew&#252;nscht wird. Aus 1,25 Milliarden Stellenanzeigen aus 41 L&#228;ndern haben die Autoren zun&#228;chst mit Schlagw&#246;rtern und dann mit einem Sprachmodell 1,36 Millionen solcher Anzeigen herausgefiltert, wobei der zweite Schritt Fehltreffer wie die Copiloten von Fluglinien, Bewerber mit dem Vornamen Claude und den juristischen Abschluss LLM aussortiert. Gemessen wird anschlie&#223;end nicht die Anzeige, sondern die Belegschaft. Daf&#252;r stehen 154 Millionen Besch&#228;ftigungsverh&#228;ltnisse aus &#246;ffentlichen Berufsprofilen zur Verf&#252;gung, &#252;berwiegend aus LinkedIn, aufbereitet von Revelio Labs, also von demselben Anbieter, auf dessen Daten auch die Ramp-Auswertung beruht.</p><p>Der eigentliche Kunstgriff liegt im Vergleich. Unternehmen, die KI einf&#252;hren, sind gr&#246;&#223;er, zahlen besser und besch&#228;ftigen mehr Menschen in exponierten Berufen als andere, und sie wachsen wom&#246;glich aus Gr&#252;nden, die mit der Technologie nichts zu tun haben. Ein schlichter Vergleich w&#252;rde deshalb die Wirkung der Einf&#252;hrung mit der Auswahl der Einf&#252;hrenden verwechseln. Die Autoren betrachten darum ausschlie&#223;lich Auslandst&#246;chter multinationaler Konzerne, stellen jeder Tochter eines einf&#252;hrenden Unternehmens vergleichbare T&#246;chter von Unternehmen ohne KI-Einf&#252;hrung im selben Land und derselben Branche gegen&#252;ber, und sie erkl&#228;ren die Einf&#252;hrung selbst &#252;ber einen Umweg: Unternehmen f&#252;hren die Technologie eher ein, wenn die anderen Konzernm&#252;tter am Hauptsitz ihrer eigenen Mutter sie einf&#252;hren, und was die Mutter tut, kommt bei den T&#246;chtern im Ausland an. Was mit der Belegschaft einer Tochter in Brasilien geschieht, wird also daraus erkl&#228;rt, was die Nachbarn ihrer Mutter in Chicago oder Paris tun. Das ist ein Instrument, mit dem sich die Auswahl von der Wirkung trennen l&#228;sst, und die Autoren pr&#252;fen es mit einem Dutzend Gegenrechnungen, die das Bild nicht ver&#228;ndern.</p><h2>Die Verschiebung entsteht durch Wachstum bei den Erfahrenen und nicht durch Abbau bei den Einsteigern</h2><p>Das Ergebnis l&#228;sst sich in einem Satz sagen: Die Einf&#252;hrung der Technologie ver&#228;ndert, wen ein Unternehmen besch&#228;ftigt, und kaum, wie viele. Bis M&#228;rz 2026, also gut drei Jahre nach dem Start von ChatGPT, ist der Anteil der Berufseinsteiger an der Belegschaft der einf&#252;hrenden T&#246;chter um 1,9 Prozentpunkte gesunken, von einem Ausgangswert von 57 Prozent. Der R&#252;ckgang beginnt fast unmittelbar nach dem Start und setzt sich drei Jahre lang fort.</p><p>Entscheidend ist jedoch, woraus dieser R&#252;ckgang besteht. Die Zahl der erfahrenen Besch&#228;ftigten steigt in den einf&#252;hrenden T&#246;chtern um 6,7 Prozent. Die Zahl der Einsteiger liegt um 2,5 Prozent niedriger, und dieser Wert ist statistisch nicht von null zu unterscheiden. Die Gesamtbesch&#228;ftigung w&#228;chst um 3,3 Prozent. In Personen gerechnet besch&#228;ftigt die durchschnittliche einf&#252;hrende Tochter mit rund 255 Positionen im M&#228;rz 2026 etwa acht Erfahrene mehr und vier Einsteiger weniger, als sie es ohne die Einf&#252;hrung t&#228;te. Einen Abbau zeigen diese Daten nicht. Die Belegschaft wird nach oben umgebaut.</p><p>Dieses Muster ist kein amerikanischer Sonderfall. F&#252;r 31 L&#228;nder l&#228;sst sich die Rechnung einzeln aufstellen, und in 23 davon sinkt der Einsteigeranteil, statistisch gesichert in den Vereinigten Staaten, in Gro&#223;britannien, Spanien, Polen, Brasilien, Mexiko und Saudi-Arabien. In keinem einzigen Land sinkt die Gesamtbesch&#228;ftigung der einf&#252;hrenden T&#246;chter messbar. Das Muster zeigt sich im Informationssektor am st&#228;rksten, aber es zeigt sich auch au&#223;erhalb, nur schw&#228;cher, und es zeigt sich unabh&#228;ngig davon, ob die erste KI-Stelle eines Unternehmens eine Entwicklerin, ein Jurist, ein Manager oder eine Designerin war. Der R&#252;ckgang des Einsteigeranteils ist also kein Nebenprodukt davon, dass Unternehmen KI-Fachleute einstellen.</p><p>Innerhalb der Berufe verschiebt sich dabei die Nachfrage. Bei den Erfahrenen wandert sie um 5 Prozent zu den am st&#228;rksten exponierten T&#228;tigkeiten hin, bei den Einsteigern um 2 Prozent von ihnen weg. Am deutlichsten w&#228;chst der Anteil der Informatik- und Mathematikberufe an der Belegschaft, und ausgerechnet dort f&#228;llt der Einsteigeranteil am st&#228;rksten, um 3,3 Prozentpunkte. Signifikante R&#252;ckg&#228;nge des Einsteigeranteils zeigen sich au&#223;erdem in den Rechtsberufen, in Betriebswirtschaft und Finanzen, im Vertrieb und im Management, alles Berufsgruppen aus der oberen H&#228;lfte der Expositionsrangfolge. Die Autoren ziehen daraus den Schluss, dass die Technologie bei den Einsteigern Arbeit einspart und bei den Erfahrenen in exponierten T&#228;tigkeiten zus&#228;tzliche schafft.</p><h2>F&#252;r den Report ist das ein Widerspruch an einer Stelle und eine Best&#228;tigung an der anderen</h2><p>Der Widerspruch betrifft die Zuschreibung. Die d&#228;nische Studie und die Ramp-Auswertung sahen den Einbruch nicht bei den einf&#252;hrenden Unternehmen. Chandar und Klein Teeselink sehen ihn mit derselben Datenklasse, aber mit einem anderen Ma&#223; f&#252;r die Einf&#252;hrung, in 41 statt in einem Land und mit einem Instrument, das die Auswahl von der Wirkung trennt, genau dort. Beide Befunde bleiben im Report nebeneinander stehen, denn eine Studie hebt die andere nicht auf. Die Gewichte haben sich jedoch verschoben. Wer heute sagt, der Umbau beim Berufseinstieg habe mit der Technologie nichts zu tun, muss die bisher breiteste Messung dazu erkl&#228;ren.</p><p>Die Best&#228;tigung betrifft die Leitthese. Der Report hat den Jobkiller von Anfang an als Story der Kapitalm&#228;rkte gelesen und die tats&#228;chliche Wirkung der Technologie im Umbau der Organisation verortet, nicht im Abbau der Belegschaft. Genau das zeigt diese Studie: Die einf&#252;hrenden Unternehmen werden nicht kleiner, sie werden erfahrener. Das ist zugleich der erste besch&#228;ftigungsseitige Beleg f&#252;r den Mechanismus, den die &#246;sterreichische Berichterstattung im Sommer als Seniorisierung bezeichnet hat. Das AI Jobs Barometer von PwC (pwc.com) hatte ihn nur in Stellenanzeigen gezeigt, also in dem, was Arbeitgeber verlangen. Hier zeigt er sich in dem, wen sie besch&#228;ftigen.</p><p>Zwei Dinge d&#252;rfen dabei nicht geschehen. Die 19 Prozent der Stanford-Reihe und die 6,7 Prozent dieser Studie sind keine gegenseitige Best&#228;tigung, obwohl ein Autor an beiden beteiligt ist, denn die eine misst Berufe nach Exposition in Lohnabrechnungsdaten und die andere Unternehmen nach Einf&#252;hrung in Berufsprofilen. Und der Zuwachs der einf&#252;hrenden Unternehmen ist kein Zuwachs der Gesamtwirtschaft. Die Autoren halten in ihrem eigenen Modell ausdr&#252;cklich fest, dass einf&#252;hrende Unternehmen auch deshalb wachsen k&#246;nnen, weil sie den anderen Marktanteile abnehmen, und dass die Besch&#228;ftigung insgesamt dabei sogar sinken kann. Was die Studie zeigt, ist die Entscheidung im einzelnen Unternehmen. Was sie nicht zeigt, ist die Summe.</p><h2>F&#252;r den deutschsprachigen Raum sagt die Studie nichts, und das ist selbst ein Befund</h2><p>Deutschland, &#214;sterreich und die Schweiz sind in den 41 L&#228;ndern enthalten, und f&#252;r alle drei bleiben die Sch&#228;tzungen ohne gesichertes Ergebnis. F&#252;r Deutschland liegen alle vier Gr&#246;&#223;en nahe null, mit breiten Unsicherheitsbereichen. F&#252;r &#214;sterreich zeigt der Einsteigeranteil leicht nach unten und die Gesamtbesch&#228;ftigung leicht nach oben, beides nicht gesichert. F&#252;r die Schweiz zeigen die Sch&#228;tzungen in die Gegenrichtung, ebenfalls nicht gesichert. Wer diese Studie als Beleg f&#252;r den DACH-Raum zitiert, zitiert sie falsch.</p><p>Daf&#252;r gibt es zwei Gr&#252;nde, und beide stehen schon im Report. Der erste ist die Datengrundlage. Berufsprofile aus LinkedIn decken in den Vereinigten Staaten rund zwei Drittel der amtlichen Besch&#228;ftigung ab, in Deutschland 23 Prozent und in &#214;sterreich 27 Prozent, und sie &#252;berzeichnen F&#252;hrungskr&#228;fte und Fachleute, w&#228;hrend manuelle Berufe fast fehlen. Der zweite Grund ist das Messinstrument selbst. Die Einf&#252;hrung wird an Stellenanzeigen erkannt, in denen KI-F&#228;higkeiten verlangt werden, und genau diese Anzeigen sind in &#214;sterreich besonders selten. Im Report steht dazu der &#246;sterreichische Dreiklang: &#214;sterreichische Unternehmen setzen die Technologie &#252;berdurchschnittlich h&#228;ufig ein, 30 Prozent nach Eurostat, und schreiben trotzdem fast keine Stellen aus, in denen sie verlangt wird, 0,8 Prozent nach dem Stanford AI Index. In den Daten dieser Studie liegt der Anteil der KI-Anzeigen in &#214;sterreich bei 0,03 Prozent, in Deutschland bei 0,04 Prozent, in Indien, Israel und der Slowakei liegt er zehnmal h&#246;her. Ein Instrument, das die Einf&#252;hrung an der Nachfrage nach KI-F&#228;higkeiten in Anzeigen erkennt, ist in einer Region fast blind, in der Unternehmen die Technologie &#252;ber eingekaufte Werkzeuge nutzen, ohne daf&#252;r Fachkr&#228;fte zu suchen. Ob der Umbau nach oben in den deutschsprachigen Belegschaften ausbleibt oder nur nicht gemessen wird, l&#228;sst sich mit dieser Studie nicht entscheiden. Der Report liest das Ausbleiben des amerikanischen Musters in Europa seit September als Zeitfenster und nicht als Gegenbeweis, und dabei bleibt es.</p><h2>Der Berufseinstieg wird nicht gestrichen, seine Anforderungen steigen, und das ist eine Entscheidung im Haus</h2><p>Was bleibt, ist die klarste Beschreibung dessen, was die Einf&#252;hrung der Technologie mit einer Belegschaft macht, die bisher vorliegt. Die einf&#252;hrenden Unternehmen stellen nicht weniger Menschen ein. Sie stellen andere ein. Die Arbeit, die fr&#252;her die Lernaufgabe des Einstiegs war, wird dort von Erfahrenen mit der Maschine erledigt, und der Einstieg r&#252;ckt eine Stufe nach oben, in die Aufsicht &#252;ber das, was die Maschine liefert. Das ist der vierte Kernbefund des Reports, und er hat jetzt eine Messung in 41 L&#228;ndern hinter sich.</p><p>F&#252;r F&#252;hrungskr&#228;fte folgt daraus keine Entwarnung, sondern eine Verortung. Die Karrierel&#252;cke entsteht nicht irgendwo in der Volkswirtschaft, sie entsteht im Einstellungsplan jener Unternehmen, die mit der Technologie arbeiten. Dort f&#228;llt die Entscheidung, ob die acht zus&#228;tzlichen Erfahrenen von 2026 die Erfahrenen von 2032 ersetzen k&#246;nnen, die nie eingestellt wurden. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Unternehmen diese Entscheidung bisher in eine Richtung treffen. Sie zeigt nicht, dass sie richtig ist. In einem Land wie Deutschland, in dem bis 2040 30 Prozent der Erwerbspersonen in Rente gehen, ist sie wahrscheinlich falsch, und sie l&#228;sst sich, anders als die Konjunktur und die Zinsen, im eigenen Haus korrigieren.</p><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner ist Autor von Work After AI, CEO von 506.ai und Co-Founder von Choose European.</em></p><p>Report als PDF: <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_DE.pdf">https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_DE.pdf</a></p><p>Website: <a href="http://workafterai.org/">workafterai.org</a></p><p>Startartikel: <a href="https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-jobkiller-ki-ist-eine-story-der">https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-jobkiller-ki-ist-eine-story-der</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Die Maschine geht in die Lehre]]></title><description><![CDATA[Trainingsr&#228;ume f&#252;r KI-Agenten, ein gemeinsamer Arbeitsplatz und eine Ausweiskontrolle an der Kasse]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/die-maschine-geht-in-die-lehre</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/die-maschine-geht-in-die-lehre</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 02 Oct 2026 06:22:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3adbbcd4-3837-4cf6-9431-623888fb3ccf_1200x800.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EiE3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3adbbcd4-3837-4cf6-9431-623888fb3ccf_1200x800.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EiE3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3adbbcd4-3837-4cf6-9431-623888fb3ccf_1200x800.png" width="1200" height="800" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3adbbcd4-3837-4cf6-9431-623888fb3ccf_1200x800.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:800,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Work After AI Weekly KW 40 / 2026: Die Maschine geht in die Lehre&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Work After AI Weekly KW 40 / 2026: Die Maschine geht in die Lehre" title="Work After AI Weekly KW 40 / 2026: Die Maschine geht in die Lehre" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EiE3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3adbbcd4-3837-4cf6-9431-623888fb3ccf_1200x800.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EiE3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3adbbcd4-3837-4cf6-9431-623888fb3ccf_1200x800.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EiE3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3adbbcd4-3837-4cf6-9431-623888fb3ccf_1200x800.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EiE3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3adbbcd4-3837-4cf6-9431-623888fb3ccf_1200x800.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Jeden Freitag lese ich die Signale der Woche aus zwei Quellen, den Investments der Fr&#252;hphasen-Investoren und den Befunden der Forschungseinrichtungen, derselben Evidenzbasis, auf der auch mein Jahresreport &#252;ber k&#252;nstliche Intelligenz und Arbeit steht. Die Investoren sind nie das Thema. Ihre Entscheidungen geh&#246;ren nur zu den fr&#252;hesten Signalen daf&#252;r, wie sich Arbeit, Organisationen und Unternehmenssoftware ver&#228;ndern.</em></p><p>Erfahrung gab es nie zu kaufen. Sie fiel bei der Arbeit an: die hundertste Abstimmung, der f&#252;nfzigste Entwurf, die Korrektur durch jemanden, der es schon konnte. Diese Woche wurde daraus ein Gesch&#228;ft. Investoren finanzieren Trainingsumgebungen, in denen KI-Modelle Berufe lernen, w&#228;hrend Unternehmen eigene &#220;bungsprogramme f&#252;r ihre Berufsanf&#228;nger auflegen, weil die einfache Arbeit verschwindet, an der man fr&#252;her gelernt hat. Dazu wird der Arbeitsplatz selbst um den KI-Kollegen herum neu gebaut, und an der Kasse entsteht die Ausweiskontrolle f&#252;r Maschinen, die Geld bewegen.</p><h2>Ausbildung wird zum Gesch&#228;ft, zuerst f&#252;r die Maschine, dann f&#252;r den Menschen</h2><p>K&#246;nnen entsteht durch Wiederholung unter Aufsicht. Genau daf&#252;r haben Investoren diese Woche bezahlt. Am 1. Oktober f&#252;hrte Oak HC/FT eine Series A &#252;ber 30 Millionen Dollar bei Halluminate an, berichtet von Fortune, mit Y Combinator und einzelnen Forschern von Anthropic, OpenAI und Meta unter den Geldgebern. Das Unternehmen besch&#228;ftigt neun Leute und baut simulierte Arbeitsumgebungen, in denen Modelle lange Aufgabenketten der Finanzarbeit &#252;ben, bevor sie je einen echten Schreibtisch sehen. Nach eigenen Angaben z&#228;hlen vier der f&#252;nf gro&#223;en amerikanischen KI-Labore zu den Kunden, auch die genannten Umsatzzahlen stammen vom Unternehmen selbst. Die Richtung aber ist eindeutig: Gekauft wird nicht der Agent, sondern seine Ausbildung. Die Maschine geht im Simulator in die Lehre.</p><p>In derselben Woche beschrieb das Wall Street Journal die andere Seite dieser Rechnung. Weil k&#252;nstliche Intelligenz die wiederholbare Einstiegsarbeit &#252;bernommen hat, schaffen Unternehmen f&#252;r ihre jungen Leute Ersatz, mit Simulationen und eigenen &#220;bungsprogrammen; Gartner hat daf&#252;r den Begriff &#8222;experience starvation&#8221; gepr&#228;gt, den Mangel an Erfahrung. Cognizant h&#228;lt dagegen und stellt f&#252;r 2026 rund 25.000 Hochschulabsolventen ein, best&#228;tigt vom Finanzchef Jatin Dalal. Konzernchef Ravi Kumar beschreibt die Einstiegsrolle dabei neu: Wer anf&#228;ngt, soll vom ersten Tag an Arbeit steuern statt Arbeit abzuarbeiten. Beide Seiten erz&#228;hlen dieselbe Geschichte: Was Berufsanf&#228;nger fr&#252;her nebenbei gelernt haben, muss heute jemand planen und bezahlen. Bei der Maschine &#252;bernehmen das die Investoren, beim Menschen die eigene Organisation.</p><h2>Die Unternehmenssoftware wird vom Werkzeug zum Arbeitsplatz</h2><p>Bisher kaufte eine Firma Software, damit ihre Menschen besser arbeiten. Jetzt wird der Ort verkauft, an dem Menschen und digitale Teammitglieder zusammenarbeiten. Auf seiner Entwicklerkonferenz am 29. September stellte OpenAI einen Team-Arbeitsraum namens ChatGPT Space vor, in dem Menschen und Agenten gemeinsam an Projekten arbeiten, dazu Dots, einen st&#228;ndig verf&#252;gbaren autonomen Kollegen, dem man Aufgaben und ganze Projekte zuweist, und eine Schnittstelle, &#252;ber die Unternehmen wiederkehrende Gesch&#228;ftsentscheidungen delegieren. Das ist ein direkter Angriff auf Slack, Notion und den klassischen B&#252;ro-Werkzeugkasten. Bemerkenswert am Rand: Sein st&#228;rkstes neues Modell hielt OpenAI nach eigenen Angaben aus Sicherheitsgr&#252;nden zur&#252;ck, berichtet Al Jazeera. Und die Nachfrage kommt aus dem Kernbestand der alten Wirtschaft: Barclays k&#252;ndigte am 1. Oktober an, Claude von Anthropic breit in seinen Abl&#228;ufen einzuf&#252;hren.</p><p>Dass diese Verschiebung l&#228;ngst bepreist wird, zeigt eine Runde vom 30. September: Flow Engineering erhielt 50 Millionen Dollar bei einer Bewertung von 750 Millionen, gef&#252;hrt von Valor Equity Partners und Atreides Management, mit Sequoia und SV Angel unter den Beteiligten. Die Plattform verbindet Anforderungen, Konstruktion, Simulation und Tests in der Hardware-Entwicklung, und ihre Agenten &#252;bernehmen die Folgenabsch&#228;tzung von &#196;nderungen, bisher eine Kernaufgabe des Systemingenieurs; die Kundenliste mit Namen wie GM und Anduril ist eine Eigenangabe. Die Organisationsfrage dahinter ist gr&#246;&#223;er als jedes einzelne Produkt: Wer den gemeinsamen Arbeitsplatz stellt, besitzt den Arbeitsablauf, und damit r&#252;ckt eine Entscheidung ins Haus, die bisher wie eine Software-Beschaffung aussah, in Wahrheit aber eine Strukturentscheidung ist.</p><h2>Der autonome Kollege bekommt eine Ausweiskontrolle an der Kasse</h2><p>Delegation endet bisher dort, wo Geld flie&#223;t. Wer eine Maschine einkaufen, buchen und bezahlen l&#228;sst, braucht Antworten auf drei Fragen. Wer handelt da? Darf er das? Und wer steht dahinter? Diese Woche wurde genau diese Stelle ausgestattet. Norwest f&#252;hrte am 30. September eine Seed-Runde &#252;ber 7,3 Millionen Dollar bei Beltic an, einem Unternehmen, das in Echtzeit den Agenten, das Unternehmen hinter ihm und die Freigabe der einzelnen Transaktion pr&#252;ft, Know Your Agent f&#252;r den Zahlungsverkehr, gegr&#252;ndet von der fr&#252;heren Coinbase-Managerin Isha Bhatnagar. Einen Tag zuvor sammelte Jeeves 110 Millionen Dollar ein, gef&#252;hrt von CoinFund, mit CRV neben Andreessen Horowitz und Coinbase Ventures unter den Investoren: Firmenkarten, Kreditorenbuchhaltung und Ausgabensteuerung mit KI-Automatisierung auf Stablecoin-Schienen; die genannten Kunden wie BMW und H&amp;M und die Volumenzahlen sind Eigenangaben.</p><p>Dieser Newsletter verfolgt den Verwaltungsaufbau der maschinellen Belegschaft seit dem Sommer: erst Identit&#228;t und Berechtigungen, dann Budgets und Pr&#252;fspur, zuletzt die Versicherung &#252;ber Lloyd&#8217;s of London. Jetzt kommt die Ausweiskontrolle an der Kasse dazu. Die Logik bleibt dieselbe wie bei jeder Delegation an Menschen: Was sich nicht pr&#252;fen l&#228;sst, darf nicht zahlen. Und was sich pr&#252;fen l&#228;sst, wird &#252;bergeben.</p><h2>Signale am Rand</h2><p>Die Energieseite des Umbaus wird langfristiger. Constellation und Amazon schlossen am 30. September einen Liefervertrag &#252;ber 20 Jahre: 690 Megawatt aus dem Kernkraftwerk Calvert Cliffs in Maryland, verbunden mit einer Erweiterung der Anlage um rund 190 Megawatt und nach Angaben der Unternehmen mit &#252;ber 3 Milliarden Dollar an Investitionen. Wer Rechenzentren plant, kauft Strom inzwischen in Jahrzehnten. In der Verteidigungstechnik legte Protego Ventures am 29. September einen ersten Fonds &#252;ber 125 Millionen Dollar f&#252;r israelische Gr&#252;ndungen auf, und das von Venrock mitfinanzierte Adyton meldete am 25. September, dass seine Software f&#252;r die Datenerfassung an der Front nun an die Unternehmenssysteme der US Army angebunden ist, ausdr&#252;cklich auch, damit deren KI-Systeme diese Daten lesen k&#246;nnen. Auf der Makroseite fielen die Erstantr&#228;ge auf Arbeitslosenhilfe f&#252;r die Woche zum 26. September auf 197.000, den niedrigsten Stand seit Mitte Juli; von einem Jobkiller ist in den Gesamtdaten weiter nichts zu sehen. Bloomberg berichtet zudem, OpenAI wolle 30 Milliarden Dollar zu einer Bewertung von 1,4 Billionen aufnehmen, eine best&#228;tigte Runde ist das nicht. Und die Forschung lieferte die n&#252;chternste Zahl der Woche: Anthropic legte am 30. September einen Index zur Roboter-Exponierung vor, wonach Roboter technisch 74 Prozent der k&#246;rperlichen Arbeitsschritte in den USA &#252;bernehmen k&#246;nnten, wirtschaftlich konkurrenzf&#228;hig aber erst bei 0,3 Prozent sind; beim gegenw&#228;rtigen Preisverfall dauert es rund 40 Jahre bis 10 Prozent. Die H&#228;nde bleiben auf absehbare Zeit menschlich, ihre Verwaltung wird trotzdem digital: Battery Ventures f&#252;hrte laut Axios am 30. September eine Series B &#252;ber 40 Millionen Dollar bei Miter an, Lohnabrechnung und Einsatzplanung f&#252;r Bauunternehmen.</p><h2>Die Woche im &#220;berblick</h2><ul><li><p><strong>Halluminate</strong>, 30 Mio. Series A (01.10.), Oak HC/FT (Lead), Y Combinator u. a.: Trainingsumgebungen, in denen KI-Agenten Finanzarbeit lernen. Ausbildung als Produkt.</p></li><li><p><strong>Beltic</strong>, 7,3 Mio. Seed (30.09.), Norwest (Lead), Restive Ventures u. a.: Echtzeit-Ausweiskontrolle f&#252;r KI-Agenten im Zahlungsverkehr.</p></li><li><p><strong>Jeeves</strong>, 110 Mio. (29.09.), CoinFund (Lead), CRV, Andreessen Horowitz, Coinbase Ventures u. a.: Das Finanz-Backoffice wird zur KI-automatisierten Infrastruktur.</p></li><li><p><strong>Flow Engineering</strong>, 50 Mio. Series B bei 750 Mio. Bewertung (30.09.), Valor Equity Partners und Atreides (Leads), Sequoia, SV Angel u. a.: KI-Agenten &#252;bernehmen die Folgenabsch&#228;tzung im Hardware-Engineering.</p></li><li><p><strong>Miter</strong>, 40 Mio. Series B (30.09.), Battery Ventures (Lead): Lohn und Einsatzplanung der Baustelle werden digital verwaltet.</p></li><li><p><strong>Calvert Cliffs</strong>, 690 MW &#252;ber 20 Jahre (30.09.), Constellation und Amazon (Liefervertrag, keine Runde): Amazon kauft Kernkraft f&#252;r Rechenzentren auf Jahrzehnte im Voraus.</p></li></ul><h2>Was diese Woche &#252;ber die Karrierel&#252;cke sagt</h2><p>Die Karrierel&#252;cke, die zweite der drei Kr&#228;fte meines Jahresreports, besagt: K&#252;nstliche Intelligenz trifft zuerst nicht die Berufe, sondern den Weg in die Berufe hinein. Die wiederholbare Anf&#228;ngerarbeit, aus der Urteilsverm&#246;gen entsteht, verschwindet aus dem Tagesgesch&#228;ft, und mit ihr die Stelle, an der aus Absolventen K&#246;nner wurden. Diese Woche hat der Markt beide Seiten dieser Rechnung sichtbar gemacht. Bei der Maschine investieren die Geldgeber in die Ausbildung: Oak HC/FT finanziert mit Halluminate das Training des KI-Kollegen. Beim Menschen m&#252;ssen die Unternehmen nachhelfen: Sie bauen laut Wall Street Journal Simulationen f&#252;r ihre Anf&#228;nger, und Cognizant stellt demonstrativ 25.000 Absolventen mit einer neu gefassten Einstiegsrolle ein.</p><p>Work After AI, meine j&#228;hrliche Standortbestimmung zu k&#252;nstlicher Intelligenz und Arbeit, steht seit Mitte September kostenlos auf <a href="https://www.workafterai.org">workafterai.org</a> und widmet dieser Kraft ein eigenes Kapitel. Die Woche erg&#228;nzt den Befund um eine Pointe: Gelernt wird weiterhin, nur nicht mehr nebenbei. Ausbildung wird geplant, bezahlt und eingekauft. Wer heute entscheidet, welche Anf&#228;ngerarbeit er an Maschinen &#252;bergibt, entscheidet damit zugleich, wo seine erfahrenen Leute in zehn Jahren herkommen.</p><h2>Die Woche lesen</h2><p>Nichts davon ist eine Rangliste, wer wie viel investiert hat. Die Deals z&#228;hlen als Beleg, und der Beleg dieser Woche zeigt auf den Anfang des Berufswegs. Was Anf&#228;nger fr&#252;her nebenbei gelernt haben, wird heute geplant und verkauft, der Arbeitsplatz wird f&#252;r gemischte Teams neu gebaut, und an der Kasse entsteht die Ausweiskontrolle f&#252;r den maschinellen Kollegen. Wer die eigene Nachwuchsfrage aufschiebt, bis die Technologie sich beruhigt hat, wird feststellen, dass die Karrierel&#252;cke l&#228;ngst da war, und dass er sie nicht hat kommen sehen.</p><div><hr></div><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner is CEO of 506.ai, the European platform for Service-as-a-Software and agentic engineering, and author of Work After AI. Around 1,000 conversations with boards, owners, and PE funds across DACH and Europe.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reports werden nicht mehr gelesen, sondern abgefragt]]></title><description><![CDATA[Warum Work After AI seit heute auch in der Form erscheint, in der Maschinen lesen]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/reports-werden-nicht-mehr-gelesen</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/reports-werden-nicht-mehr-gelesen</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2026 12:04:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNXM!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ddee3c-b75c-4233-b946-8d85ffea3a88_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mary Meeker hat ihren &#8222;Internet Trends&#8220;-Report mehr als zwei Jahrzehnte lang als PDF kostenlos zur Verf&#252;gung gestellt, und jede ihrer Folien wanderte in Tausende Pr&#228;sentationen. Wer eine Zahl aus diesem Report zeigte, zeigte das Logo gleich mit. Der Report war eine Datei, und die Datei war die Quelle. Heute wandert dieselbe Art von Zahl in Tausende Chatfenster, und sie kommt dort ohne Logo an, ohne Datum und ohne den Namen dessen, der sie gepr&#252;ft hat. Die Frage, die dieser Beitrag beantwortet, lautet deshalb nicht, ob Reports noch gelesen werden. Sie lautet, was eine Zahl auf dem Weg vom Report in die Antwort verliert, und wer das &#228;ndern kann.</p><h2>Was eine Zahl im Chatfenster verliert</h2><p>Wer einen Assistenten fragt, was k&#252;nstliche Intelligenz mit dem Arbeitsmarkt macht, erh&#228;lt eine Antwort voller Zahlen. Aus welcher Quelle sie stammen, aus welchem Jahr und aus welcher Fassung, sagt die Antwort meistens nicht. Das ist kein Fehler der Modelle, die inzwischen jede PDF lesen, die im Netz liegt. Es ist ein Fehler der Reports, die als PDF erscheinen und darauf warten, dass jemand sie liest. Eine PDF tr&#228;gt ihre Herkunft auf dem Titelblatt und in den Fu&#223;noten. Eine Zahl, die aus ihr herausgel&#246;st wird, tr&#228;gt nichts davon mit.</p><p>Wie schnell das zum Problem wird, zeigt die bekannteste Prognose des vergangenen Jahres. Im Mai 2025 sagte Dario Amodei, der Chef von Anthropic, bis zur H&#228;lfte aller Einstiegsstellen k&#246;nne binnen f&#252;nf Jahren wegfallen. Die Zahl ist seither in unz&#228;hligen Antworten, Vortr&#228;gen und Vorstandsunterlagen aufgetaucht, fast immer ohne Datum, ohne Absender und ohne den Hinweis, dass der Absender ein Anbieter ist, dessen Gesch&#228;ft an der Wirksamkeit der Technologie h&#228;ngt. Die New York Times hat die Prognose im September 2026 neben die amtliche Arbeitslosenquote von 4,1 Prozent gelegt. Wer die Zahl ohne Datum und Absender weitertr&#228;gt, kann sie nicht mehr pr&#252;fen, und wer sie nicht pr&#252;fen kann, kann ihr nur noch glauben. Genau daf&#252;r f&#252;hrt Work After AI eine Tabelle externer Vergleichsmarken, in der jede fremde Prognose mit Absender, Zieljahr, Eigeninteresse und Stand steht und keine Zeile jemals gel&#246;scht wird.</p><h2>Die Modelle lesen l&#228;ngst, nur nicht so, wie ein Report gelesen werden will</h2><p>Zugegeben, f&#252;r Menschen reicht die PDF. Und zugegeben, die Modelle lesen sie l&#228;ngst. Sie lesen sie jedoch wie einen Zeitungsstapel: Die Zahl bleibt h&#228;ngen, die Quelle f&#228;llt weg, und die Fassung kennt niemand. Bei einem Report, der sich innerhalb eines Jahres fortschreibt, ist das nicht nur unsch&#246;n, sondern falsch. Work After AI ist am 16. September 2026 als Fassung 1.0 erschienen, am 18. September folgte die Fassung 1.1, die den Gender Gap bei generativer KI auf die Eurostat-Statistik 2025 umgestellt und eine neunte Prognose erg&#228;nzt hat, und seit heute gilt die Fassung 1.2 mit sechs weiteren Quellen. Ein Modell, das die Fassung 1.0 gelesen hat, gibt heute eine Zahl wieder, die der Report selbst nicht mehr f&#252;hrt.</p><p>Der Report l&#228;uft deshalb auf drei Ebenen, die unterschiedlich schnell laufen. Die Ausgabe erscheint jedes Jahr im Herbst und benotet die Prognosen des Vorjahres. Innerhalb der Ausgabe folgen Fassungen im Abstand von etwa einem Quartal, jede mit Datum, Versionsnummer und einer eigenen dauerhaften Kennung, dem DOI, damit jedes Zitat auf einem festen Stand steht. Zwischen den Fassungen erscheinen hier Analysen, die jeweils sagen, welchen Kernbefund sie best&#228;tigen oder verschieben. F&#252;r Menschen ist das ein Fahrplan. F&#252;r Maschinen ist es die Voraussetzung, eine Zahl &#252;berhaupt richtig zuzuordnen.</p><h2>Was mit der Fassung 1.2 dazukommt</h2><p>Seit heute, mit der Fassung 1.2, erscheint der Report zus&#228;tzlich in der Form, in der Maschinen lesen. Der volle Text wird als Textdatei bereitgestellt, mit einer festen Kennung je Kapitel, Kernbefund, Prognose, Vergleichsmarke und Quelle. Die zehn Kernbefunde, die neun Prognosen, die Vergleichsmarken und alle gepr&#252;ften Quellen, in der Fassung 1.2 sind es 141, kommen als Datendateien, und jeder Eintrag enth&#228;lt Fassung, Quellennummer und eine Zitatvorlage. Dazu kommt ein Skill-Paket, das in Claude, ChatGPT oder Copilot geladen wird und dem Assistenten mitgibt, wie der Report denkt: die drei Kr&#228;fte, die er unterscheidet, die Regel, dass die Exposition eines Berufs nie mit seiner Ersetzung gleichgesetzt wird, die Regel, dass Zahlen von Anbietern und Beratungen als Selbstauskunft gelten und nicht als Messung, und die Pflicht, jede Zahl mit Fassung, Kennung und Quelle zu nennen.</p><p>Der Unterschied zur PDF ist nicht der Inhalt, sondern die Adresse. Eine Aussage, die WAAI-2026-K03 hei&#223;t, l&#228;sst sich in jeder Fassung wiederfinden, vergleichen und pr&#252;fen. Eine Aussage, die auf Seite 23 einer PDF steht, l&#228;sst sich nur nacherz&#228;hlen.</p><h2>Dateien statt Dienste</h2><p>Man h&#228;tte daraus einen Dienst bauen k&#246;nnen, eine Schnittstelle, an die sich Agenten anschlie&#223;en, mit Konto, Zugangsschl&#252;ssel und Nutzungsstatistik. Ich habe mich dagegen entschieden, und zwar aus drei Gr&#252;nden. Ein Dienst muss betrieben werden, und ein Report, der einmal im Jahr erscheint und dreimal im Jahr fortgeschrieben wird, braucht keinen Betrieb. Ein Dienst bindet an den, der ihn betreibt, w&#228;hrend Dateien unter einem DOI jedem Modell offenstehen, heute und in f&#252;nf Jahren. Und ein Dienst verlangt Vertrauen in den Anbieter, w&#228;hrend Dateien mit Pr&#252;fsummen nur Vertrauen in die Datei verlangen.</p><p>Deshalb gibt es keinen Dienst, keine Schnittstelle und kein Konto. Es gibt Dateien mit einer dauerhaften Kennung, die jedes Modell lesen kann, und eine Lizenz, die eine Namensnennung verlangt. Der Report bleibt kostenlos. Ich verdiene nicht am Report, sondern an dem, was ich aus ihm ableite, in Vortr&#228;gen und in der Arbeit mit Unternehmen. Wer den Datenbestand oder das Skill-Paket gewerblich in ein Produkt einbaut, vereinbart das vorher mit mir. Wer ihn liest, zitiert oder in seinen Assistenten l&#228;dt, tut das frei.</p><p>Die Dateien liegen seit heute neben der PDF unter dem DOI des Reports <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22934893">auf Zenodo</a>. Was es gibt, wo es liegt und wie man es in Claude, ChatGPT oder Copilot l&#228;dt, steht auf der Seite <a href="https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-report-fur-maschinen">&#8222;Der Report f&#252;r Maschinen&#8220;</a> auf workafterai.org.</p><h2>Was das f&#252;r alle anderen Reports hei&#223;t</h2><p>Der unbequeme Teil dieser &#220;berlegung betrifft nicht meinen Report, sondern die Branche, die Reports herstellt. Die meisten Jahresstudien von Beratungen, Verb&#228;nden und Anbietern sind f&#252;r die Pressemitteilung gebaut, nicht f&#252;r das Zitat. Sie haben eine Kopfzahl, eine Grafik und ein Datum auf dem Titelblatt, und sie haben keine Adresse f&#252;r die einzelne Aussage. In einer Welt, in der die Zahl ohne den Report weiterwandert, ist das ein Gesch&#228;ftsmodell, das seinen Absender verliert. Die Zahl setzt sich durch, der Name nicht, und die Selbstauskunft eines Anbieters steht in der Antwort gleichberechtigt neben der amtlichen Statistik, weil beide ohne Herkunft ankommen.</p><p>Ein Report, der 2026 nicht f&#252;r Maschinen erstellt wurde, wird 2027 nicht verschwinden. Er wird nacherz&#228;hlt, und zwar ohne seinen Namen. Wer seine Zahlen behalten will, muss ihnen eine Adresse geben, bevor sie sich auf den Weg machen. Das ist keine technische Entscheidung, sondern eine &#252;ber die eigene Urheberschaft, und sie l&#228;sst sich mit einer Textdatei und ein paar Datendateien treffen. Wer abwartet, wird feststellen, dass seine Zahlen l&#228;ngst &#252;berall waren, und dass niemand mehr wei&#223;, dass es seine sind.</p><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner ist Autor von Work After AI, CEO von 506.ai und Co-Founder von Choose European.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Der Report für Maschinen]]></title><description><![CDATA[Work After AI als Datengrundlage f&#252;r Agenten: Textfassung mit Kennungen, Datendateien, Skill-Paket]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-report-fur-maschinen</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-report-fur-maschinen</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2026 11:54:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNXM!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ddee3c-b75c-4233-b946-8d85ffea3a88_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Work After AI ist f&#252;r Menschen geschrieben und f&#252;r Maschinen gebaut. Seit der Fassung 1.2 erscheint jede Fassung des Reports zus&#228;tzlich in der Form, in der Sprachmodelle und Agenten sie lesen. Diese Seite sagt, was es gibt, wo es liegt und wie man es l&#228;dt.</p><p><strong>Was es gibt.</strong> report.md ist der vollst&#228;ndige Text als reine Textdatei (Markdown), mit einem festen Anker je Kapitel, Kernbefund, Prognose, Vergleichsmarke und Quelle. Die Datendateien kernbefunde.json, prognosen.json, vergleichsmarken.json, quellen.json und kapitel.json enthalten dieselben Inhalte f&#252;r Programme, je Eintrag mit Kennung, Fassung, Quellennummern und Zitatvorlage. index.json nennt Fassung, Datum, DOI, Lizenz, Zitierempfehlung und Pr&#252;fsummen. Das Skill-Paket work-after-ai enth&#228;lt das Denkger&#252;st des Reports, seine Begriffsregeln, die Zitierregel und die Daten als Beilage, f&#252;r Assistenten, die Skills laden.</p><p><strong>Kennungen.</strong> Jede Aussage hat eine feste Kennung: WAAI-2026-K03 ist der dritte Kernbefund, WAAI-2026-P04 die vierte Prognose, WAAI-2026-Q017 die Quelle 17. Die Kennungen bleiben &#252;ber alle Fassungen einer Ausgabe gleich. Was sich inhaltlich ge&#228;ndert hat, steht im Versionsverlauf am Ende des Reports.</p><p><strong>Wo es liegt.</strong> Auf Zenodo unter dem Werk-DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22862384">10.5281/zenodo.22862384</a>, der immer auf die neueste Fassung zeigt, liegen die Dateien neben der PDF; die Fassung 1.2 vom 24. September 2026 tr&#228;gt den eigenen DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22934893">10.5281/zenodo.22934893</a>. Dieselben Dateien liegen <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/maschinenfassung/">auf gerhardkuerner.com</a>, das Skill-Paket <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/maschinenfassung/work-after-ai-skill_2026_1.2.zip">als Zip</a>. Die englische Ausgabe hat eine eigene Maschinenfassung mit denselben Kennungen; ihre Dateien der Fassung 1.2 liegen <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/machine-edition/">ebenfalls auf gerhardkuerner.com</a>, das Skill-Paket als <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/machine-edition/work-after-ai-en-skill_2026_1.2.zip">Zip</a>, und ab der Fassung 1.3 auch auf Zenodo neben der englischen PDF unter dem Werk-DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22868155">10.5281/zenodo.22868155</a>. Wer alles in einer Datei m&#246;chte, l&#228;dt das <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_Gesamtpaket.zip">Gesamtpaket</a> mit beiden Reports, beiden Management Summaries und beiden Maschinenfassungen.</p><p><strong>Wie man es l&#228;dt.</strong> In Claude: das Skill-Zip herunterladen und als Skill hinzuf&#252;gen, oder report.md und die Datendateien in ein Projekt legen. In ChatGPT: die Dateien in ein Projekt hochladen oder als Wissen in einen eigenen GPT; report.md reicht f&#252;r Fragen, die Datendateien braucht, wer Zahlen mit Quellennummer will. In Microsoft Copilot: die Dateien ablegen und im Gespr&#228;ch als Quelle anh&#228;ngen, in Copilot Studio als Wissensquelle eines Agenten. F&#252;r eigene Agenten ist index.json der Einstieg und llms.txt die Kurzbeschreibung; jede Antwort soll Fassung, Kennung und DOI mitgeben.</p><p><strong>Zitieren.</strong> Empfohlene Form: K&#252;rner, Gerhard (2026): Work After AI 2026. Der gro&#223;e Irrtum vom Jobkiller KI. Work After AI, Ausgabe 2026, Fassung 1.2. Wels: Kuerner Group GmbH. DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22862384">10.5281/zenodo.22862384</a>. F&#252;r eine einzelne Aussage zus&#228;tzlich die Kennung nach der Fassung, etwa Fassung 1.2, Kernbefund 3 (WAAI-2026-K03). Jede Fassung hat zus&#228;tzlich einen eigenen DOI, mit dem sich ein bestimmter Stand eindeutig belegen l&#228;sst.</p><p><strong>Was erlaubt ist.</strong> Der Text darf mit Namensnennung weiterverbreitet, zitiert und bearbeitet werden. Der Datenbestand und das Skill-Paket sind frei f&#252;r Nutzung, Zitat und Weitergabe mit Namensnennung; wer sie gewerblich in Produkte, Dienste oder Plattformen einbaut, vereinbart das vorher mit dem Herausgeber. Die genauen Bedingungen stehen in LICENSE.md neben den Dateien.</p><p><strong>Fehler und R&#252;ckfragen.</strong> An gerhard@kuerner.at. Berichtigungen erscheinen mit der n&#228;chsten Fassung und werden im Versionsverlauf ausgewiesen.</p><p><strong>Warum.</strong> Gro&#223;e Reports werden von Menschen immer seltener gelesen und von Maschinen immer &#246;fter. Wenn ein Assistent eine Zahl aus diesem Report nennt, soll er sagen k&#246;nnen, aus welcher Fassung sie stammt, aus welcher Quelle und mit welcher Kennung. Das ist der Unterschied zwischen einem Report, der zitiert wird, und einem, dessen Zahlen ohne Herkunft weiterwandern.</p><p><em>An English summary is included in README.md next to the files. The English edition has a machine edition of its own with the same structure and IDs; its files for version 1.2 are <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/machine-edition/">on gerhardkuerner.com</a> (skill package as a <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/machine-edition/work-after-ai-en-skill_2026_1.2.zip">zip</a>), and from version 1.3 on they sit on Zenodo next to the English PDF.</em> Everything in one file: the <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_Gesamtpaket.zip">complete package</a>, with both reports, both management summaries and both machine editions.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Work After AI 2026: The Great Misconception About the AI Job Killer (Report as PDF)]]></title><description><![CDATA[The annual assessment of how artificial intelligence is transforming the world of work, version 1.2, with all key findings and predictions]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/work-after-ai-report-2026-en</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/work-after-ai-report-2026-en</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 12:13:44 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNXM!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ddee3c-b75c-4233-b946-8d85ffea3a88_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_EN.pdf">Download PDF</a>: Work After AI 2026, The Great Misconception About the AI Job Killer (version 1.2 of September 24, 2026, 113 pages, 141 sources; first published as version 1.0 on September 16, 2026, version 1.1 on September 18, 2026)</p><p><a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_EN_Management-Summary.pdf">Management Summary</a>: the three key figures, the ten key findings and the nine predictions on one page, PDF.</p><p>German original, <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_DE.pdf">Download PDF</a>: Work After AI 2026, Der gro&#223;e Irrtum vom Jobkiller KI (version 1.2, 121 pages).</p><p>For language models and agents: since version 1.2 the report also comes as a machine edition, that is the full text with a fixed identifier for every chapter, key finding, prediction, external benchmark and source, as data files and as a skill package for Claude, ChatGPT or Copilot. The English machine edition of version 1.2 is <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/machine-edition/">on gerhardkuerner.com</a> (skill package as a <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/machine-edition/work-after-ai-en-skill_2026_1.2.zip">zip</a>); from version 1.3 on, its files sit on Zenodo next to the English PDF, as the German files already sit <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22934893">on Zenodo</a> next to the German PDF. The identifiers are the same in both languages. The page <a href="https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-report-fur-maschinen">Der Report f&#252;r Maschinen</a> (in German) explains what there is and how to load it.</p><p>The report is the annual assessment of how artificial intelligence is transforming work. It rests on 141 checked sources from official statistics, peer-reviewed research, usage data of the model providers and company surveys. Version 1.3 follows in early November, the closing version 1.4 on December 31, 2026. Both will appear here as well, and every change is logged with its date in the version history at the end of the report.</p><p>The launch article with the key findings: <a href="https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-ai-job-killer-is-a-story-told-by-capital-markets">The AI job killer is a story told by capital markets, not by companies</a></p><h2>The ten key findings</h2><ol><li><p>The job killer is a capital markets story.</p></li><li><p>Expectation outruns measurement.</p></li><li><p>The career gap arises in hiring, not in layoffs.</p></li><li><p>The entry level is shifting from execution to oversight.</p></li><li><p>Women carry the higher risk and have the lesser access.</p></li><li><p>What the individual gains does not arrive in the organization.</p></li><li><p>Delegating is a leadership decision, and whoever stops checking loses the skill.</p></li><li><p>The organization of the future orders its work by topic instead of by function, and in doing so it becomes smaller.</p></li><li><p>Marketing is the first function in which the rebuild becomes visible, from the inside as well as from the outside.</p></li><li><p>In Europe, demographic pressure reverses the opening question, and the future of work is decided by the company's ability to work with the technology.</p></li></ol><h2>The nine predictions for 2027</h2><ol><li><p>The AI argument remains a front rank reason for layoffs in the United States in 2027, while the officially measured effect stays small.</p></li><li><p>At least three well known companies publicly reverse an AI justified hiring freeze at the entry level by the fall of 2027.</p></li><li><p>The American entry level slump will again not appear in the official series of Germany and Austria in 2027, and the delay persists.</p></li><li><p>The gap between pilot and production does not close in 2027.</p></li><li><p>At least five well known companies in the German speaking countries announce a reorganization by the fall of 2027 that structures units around topics and outcomes instead of functions.</p></li><li><p>At least one publicly visible large scale attempt to flatten hierarchies and align the organization around AI agents will be partially withdrawn by the fall of 2027.</p></li><li><p>The gap between productivity and wages widens further in the early years of the technology.</p></li><li><p>The AI argument does not arrive in the German speaking countries in 2027. No company in Germany, Austria or Switzerland with more than 10,000 employees justifies job cuts of more than 1,000 positions primarily with artificial intelligence by the end of 2027.</p></li><li><p>The gender gap in the professional use of generative AI does not close in 2026.</p></li></ol><p>The key findings with their figures, the method, the report's glossary and the disclosure of interests are also available as a web page: <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/en/report-2026.html">gerhardkuerner.com/en/report-2026.html</a></p><p>Both language editions are archived on Zenodo and permanently citable. Each address always resolves to the current version: English edition <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22868155">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22868155</a>, German edition <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22862384">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22862384</a>. The author is registered under ORCID <a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0611-0526">0009-0003-0611-0526</a>.</p><p>Suggested citation: K&#252;rner, Gerhard (2026): Work After AI 2026. The Great Misconception About the AI Job Killer. Work After AI, 2026 edition, version 1.2. Wels: Kuerner Group GmbH. DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22868155">10.5281/zenodo.22868155</a>. Version 1.2 of September 24, 2026 carries its own DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22934918">10.5281/zenodo.22934918</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The AI job killer is a story told by capital markets, not by companies]]></title><description><![CDATA[Five percent of firms see any effect on headcount. The layoffs are real. The reason is not.]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-ai-job-killer-is-a-story-told-by-capital-markets</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-ai-job-killer-is-a-story-told-by-capital-markets</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 12:00:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNXM!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ddee3c-b75c-4233-b946-8d85ffea3a88_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Machines at Work is the English window of Work After AI, the annual report I write in German. Each piece takes one finding from the report and works it through for an English speaking audience. The full English edition of the report is linked at the end, 113 pages, free.</em></p><p>In June 2026, artificial intelligence was, for the fourth month in a row, the most frequently cited reason for job cuts in the United States. 101,743 positions since the start of the year carried that label. In the same months, the U.S. Census Bureau asked the companies actually using the technology what it had done to their workforce. Around 5 percent reported any effect on headcount at all. Sixteen percent said they had replaced software or equipment. Two percent had fewer employees, and slightly more had hired additional ones.</p><p>Both numbers are correct. They describe two different things. One is what companies say when they cut jobs. The other is what happens inside the companies that use the technology. The gap between the two is the subject of the first edition of Work After AI, and it is the reason the title is a claim rather than a question: the great misconception about the AI job killer.</p><p>In the conversations I have held for years with owners, boards, and management teams across Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and the rest of Europe, I have not found the job killer. What I have found, everywhere and in the same shape, is a technology that is tested broadly and productive rarely, an entry level that is changing without anyone being able to name the cause, and organizations that do not yet know how to work with a colleague who is not a person. The headline fuses these three things into one story. They have different causes and run on different clocks.</p><h2>The AI argument serves the balance sheet</h2><p>The first force is the loudest and it has the least to do with the technology. Since 2023, layoffs at large companies have been announced with an AI justification more and more often, and the pattern is consistent enough to be read. A company that cut 130 positions in July 2026 framed the move as simplifying its structure in the course of its AI build-out. Its revenue had fallen 5.6 percent, its pre-tax profit 3 percent, and the company itself named the Bank of England&#8217;s rate cut, not its own technology, as the main cause. The restructuring language, structures simplified, duplications removed, is the classic formula that existed long before generative AI, and it says nowhere which of the eliminated activities a machine actually took over.</p><p>The mechanism is not mysterious. A large part of what is presented today as technological modernization is the delayed correction of an overstaffing that arose in the years of cheap money. Venture investors say openly that most large companies are overstaffed by a quarter or more, and one has called AI the silver-bullet excuse. The AI argument is the better argument for a cut that would happen anyway, because a reduction framed as modernization is rewarded by the capital market, while a plain cost cut is not. Personnel costs are the largest freely controllable expense block, so the cut finances the AI investment, and the AI investment supplies the narrative that justifies the cut. That is the whole loop, and the numbers in the Census survey are what it looks like from inside the firms: software gets replaced three times as often as people.</p><p>This matters for anyone who owns or prices a company, because the market is currently reading a leaner headcount as evidence of a stronger business, and sometimes it is. Most of the time it is a balance sheet that has been tidied under a technological label, and the two look identical for about four quarters.</p><h2>The career gap is real, and it is a hiring decision</h2><p>The second force is the one that is actually measurable, and it is measured at the entry level. Payroll data from the Stanford Digital Economy Lab, in the version from August 2026, shows employment of 22- to 25-year-olds in the most exposed occupations running 19 percent below the level of their peers in less exposed jobs. In the exposed occupations, employment of that age group fell 11 percent since late 2022; in the less exposed ones it rose 10 percent, and the 35- to 49-year-olds in the same exposed occupations also gained 10 percent. The entire gap comes from hiring. Nobody is being laid off in that data. Somebody is not being hired.</p><p>Whether the machine, interest rates, or remote work is the cause is genuinely open in the research, and the report says so. What is not open is where the decision sits. The gap is produced in the hiring plan, by companies that treat the junior position as the first line that can be cut when a tool takes over routine work. Two large firms have already gone the other way in 2026. One IT services group took on close to 20,000 graduates last year and plans 25,000 this year, because, in the words of its head of HR, the youngest bring a familiarity with the tools that the experienced levels often lack, and a Big Four firm is replacing its eight-week internship with a paid learning phase of up to a year. The thinned-out junior base and the rising price of experienced staff catch up with everyone else later.</p><p>In Europe the drop has so far only been measured in Switzerland, which can mean protection or delay. For the German-speaking region the question turns around entirely. Germany alone will see around 13.3 million people of working age reach retirement by 2040, 30 percent of the workforce. Austria is short roughly 246,000 workers by 2035. A region in that position does not have a job killer problem. It has a problem with companies that stop hiring the people who will be the experienced staff of 2032, and it has that problem while only 0.8 percent of Austrian job postings ask for AI skills at all, the third-lowest share among 22 measured countries.</p><h2>What the individual gains does not reach the organization</h2><p>The third force is the consequential one, and it is invisible because it does not compress into a press release. McKinsey&#8217;s global survey this year found that 80 percent of respondents report their own productivity has improved with the technology. Thirty-seven percent see any value at all in their company&#8217;s operating result, unchanged from the year before. Only around 6 percent have a measurable contribution of at least 5 percent of operating profit, and those 6 percent are a subset of the 37. A year of broader rollout, with 44 percent of firms now scaling across the enterprise, has not narrowed the distance between pilot and production at all.</p><p>The small group that does get there differs in one respect from everyone else. Nearly three quarters of them have rebuilt their workflows from the ground up because of the technology, against a quarter of all other respondents. They do not pursue efficiency more often than the rest. The difference is that they additionally target growth and innovation. The technology is the same for everyone. The organization around it is not.</p><p>A survey by a software vendor, and one should read it as such, adds the part that boards have not put on their radar. Among decision makers whose organizations are at the earliest stage, using AI as a personal thinking partner, 48 percent admit that their company invests faster than its workforce can learn. Among those at the most advanced stage, where AI runs autonomously inside workflows, the share is 68 percent. The learning gap does not close as an organization matures, it widens. The bottleneck was never the model. It is the speed at which an organization builds the knowledge to use it, and that speed is set by people who were hired, trained, and given permission, not by the next release.</p><h2>The clock that matters runs in years</h2><p>Put the three forces on one timeline and the confusion resolves. The AI argument runs in quarters and it is a short, loud episode, peaking now, that will fade when the restructuring cycle has done its work. The career gap runs in years, it began in the spring of 2022 with the rate turn, half a year before ChatGPT, and it is at its deepest today. The long rebuild runs in a decade, and in 2026 its curve is still flat. Carlota Perez described this shape in 2002: every technological revolution has an installation phase driven by finance capital, bubbles included, and a deployment phase in which the gains arrive only once institutions, working practices, and skills have adapted. The job killer belongs to the first half of that story. The questions that decide who wins belong to the second.</p><p>That is why the report closes with nine predictions for 2027, each with the measure it will be graded against, and why I will grade them publicly next year, my own and the ones vendors, analysts, and researchers have dated. One of them: the AI argument will not arrive in the German-speaking region in 2027. No company in Germany, Austria, or Switzerland with more than 10,000 employees will justify a cut of more than 1,000 jobs primarily with artificial intelligence, because where a cut has to be negotiated with a works council and priced in a social plan, the technology is a poor excuse. It invites the question which task the machine actually took over.</p><p>The decision this leaves in the hands of owners and boards is not whether to buy the technology. Nearly everyone already has. It is whether the organization is being rebuilt around it, starting with the people who are supposed to learn it, at the pace the vendors are already delivering. Those who wait will find in a few years that the rebuild was already under way, in other companies, and they never saw it coming.</p><p>The English edition is 113 pages, 141 checked sources, self-financed, bound to no vendor, and free.</p><p><a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_EN.pdf">Download the report: Work After AI 2026, version 1.2, PDF, 113 pages</a></p><p>The English edition appears in version 1.2 of 24 September 2026. Version 1.1 of 18 September moved the gender gap in generative AI onto Eurostat&#8217;s 2025 statistics, which show men in Germany using the tools at work 29 percent more often than women while women aged 16 to 24 are already ahead, and added a ninth prediction on that gap. Version 1.2 adds six sources, among them the first German time series on the entry-level job market from the Indeed Hiring Lab, and drops the assessments from my working conversations, because they cannot be checked from outside. The report runs on three levels. The edition appears every autumn and grades the previous year&#8217;s predictions. Within an edition, versions follow roughly once a quarter, each with a date, a version number and its own permanent identifier (DOI), so that every citation rests on a fixed state; for 2026 that still means version 1.3 in early November and the closing version 1.4 on 31 December. Between versions, analyses appear on workafterai.org, each saying which key finding it confirms or shifts. Every change is logged with its date in the version history, and I will explain it here.</p><p>Since version 1.2 the report also comes in the form that language models and agents read: a text edition with a fixed ID for every key finding, prediction and source, data files, and a skill package you can load into Claude, ChatGPT or Copilot so that your assistant works with the report rather than merely summarising it; the page <a href="https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-report-fur-maschinen">Der Report f&#252;r Maschinen</a> (in German) explains what there is and how to load it, and the English machine edition, with the same IDs, is <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/machine-edition/">on gerhardkuerner.com</a>. Whoever cites the report, human or machine, names the version, the ID and the DOI. A report about a shift that runs in years should not appear once and then stand still for twelve months.</p><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner is the author of Work After AI, CEO of 506.ai, the European platform for Service-as-a-Software and agentic engineering, and co-founder of Choose European.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Work After AI 2026: Der große Irrtum vom Jobkiller KI (Report als PDF)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Die j&#228;hrliche Standortbestimmung zur Transformation der Arbeitswelt durch k&#252;nstliche Intelligenz, Fassung 1.2, mit allen Kernbefunden und Prognosen]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/report-2026-als-pdf</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/report-2026-als-pdf</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 15:36:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNXM!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ddee3c-b75c-4233-b946-8d85ffea3a88_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_DE.pdf">Download PDF</a>: Work After AI 2026, Der gro&#223;e Irrtum vom Jobkiller KI (Fassung 1.2 vom 24. September 2026, 121 Seiten, 141 Quellen; Erstver&#246;ffentlichung 1.0 am 16. September 2026, Fassung 1.1 am 18. September 2026). Dazu die <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_DE_Management-Summary.pdf">Management Summary</a> als PDF, die drei Kennzahlen, die zehn Kernbefunde und die neun Prognosen auf einer Seite.</p><p>Englische Ausgabe, <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_EN.pdf">Download PDF</a>: Work After AI 2026, The Great Misconception About the AI Job Killer (Fassung 1.2 vom 24. September 2026, 113 Seiten, 141 Quellen). Dazu die einseitige <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_EN_Management-Summary.pdf">Management Summary auf Englisch</a> als PDF.</p><p>F&#252;r Sprachmodelle und Agenten: Seit der Fassung 1.2 erscheint der Report zus&#228;tzlich als Maschinenfassung, also als Textdatei mit einer festen Kennung je Kapitel, Kernbefund, Prognose, Vergleichsmarke und Quelle, als Datendateien und als Skill-Paket f&#252;r Claude, ChatGPT oder Copilot. Was es gibt und wie man es l&#228;dt, steht auf der Seite <a href="https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-report-fur-maschinen">Der Report f&#252;r Maschinen</a>; die Dateien liegen <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22934893">auf Zenodo</a> neben der PDF.</p><p>Der Report ist die j&#228;hrliche Standortbestimmung zur Transformation der Arbeitswelt durch k&#252;nstliche Intelligenz. Er st&#252;tzt sich auf 141 gepr&#252;fte Quellen aus amtlicher Statistik, begutachteter Forschung, Nutzungsdaten der Modellanbieter und Unternehmensbefragungen. Die Fassung 1.3 folgt Anfang November, die Abschlussfassung 1.4 zum 31. Dezember 2026. Sie erscheinen ebenfalls hier in dieser Rubrik, jede &#196;nderung steht mit Datum im Versionsverlauf am Ende des Reports.</p><p>Der Launch-Artikel mit den Kernbefunden: <a href="https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-jobkiller-ki-ist-eine-story-der">Der Jobkiller KI ist eine Story der Kapitalm&#228;rkte, nicht der Betriebe</a></p><p>Der englische Launch-Artikel: <a href="https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-ai-job-killer-is-a-story-told-by-capital-markets">The AI job killer is a story told by capital markets, not by companies</a></p><h2>Die zehn Kernbefunde</h2><ol><li><p>Der Jobkiller ist eine Story der Kapitalm&#228;rkte.</p></li><li><p>Die Erwartung &#252;berholt die Messung.</p></li><li><p>Die Karrierel&#252;cke entsteht beim Einstellen, nicht beim K&#252;ndigen.</p></li><li><p>Der Berufseinstieg verschiebt sich von der Ausf&#252;hrung auf die Aufsicht.</p></li><li><p>Frauen tragen das h&#246;here Risiko und haben den geringeren Zugang.</p></li><li><p>Was der Einzelne gewinnt, kommt in der Organisation nicht an.</p></li><li><p>Delegieren ist eine F&#252;hrungsentscheidung, und wer nicht mehr pr&#252;ft, verlernt.</p></li><li><p>Die Organisation der Zukunft gliedert ihre Arbeit nach Themen statt nach Funktionen, und sie wird dabei kleiner.</p></li><li><p>Das Marketing ist die erste Funktion, an der sich der Umbau zeigt, von innen wie von au&#223;en.</p></li><li><p>In Europa dreht der demografische Druck die Ausgangsfrage um, und &#252;ber die Zukunft der Arbeit entscheidet die F&#228;higkeit des Unternehmens, mit der Technologie zu arbeiten.</p></li></ol><h2>Die neun Prognosen f&#252;r 2027</h2><ol><li><p>Das KI-Argument bleibt 2027 in den Vereinigten Staaten ein K&#252;ndigungsgrund der ersten Reihe, w&#228;hrend die amtlich gemessene Wirkung klein bleibt.</p></li><li><p>Mindestens drei namhafte Unternehmen revidieren bis zum Herbst 2027 &#246;ffentlich einen mit k&#252;nstlicher Intelligenz begr&#252;ndeten Einstellungsstopp am Berufseinstieg.</p></li><li><p>Der amerikanische Einstiegseinbruch zeigt sich auch 2027 in den amtlichen Reihen Deutschlands und &#214;sterreichs nicht, und die Verz&#246;gerung h&#228;lt an.</p></li><li><p>Die Pilot-Produktiv-L&#252;cke schlie&#223;t sich 2027 nicht.</p></li><li><p>Mindestens f&#252;nf namhafte Unternehmen im deutschsprachigen Raum k&#252;ndigen bis zum Herbst 2027 eine Reorganisation an, die Einheiten nach Themen und Ergebnissen statt nach Funktionen gliedert.</p></li><li><p>Mindestens ein &#246;ffentlich sichtbarer Gro&#223;versuch, die Hierarchien abzuflachen und die Organisation auf KI-Akteure auszurichten, wird bis zum Herbst 2027 teilweise zur&#252;ckgenommen.</p></li><li><p>Die Schere zwischen Produktivit&#228;t und L&#246;hnen &#246;ffnet sich in den ersten Jahren der Technologie weiter.</p></li><li><p>Das KI-Argument kommt 2027 im deutschsprachigen Raum nicht an. Kein Unternehmen in Deutschland, &#214;sterreich oder der Schweiz mit mehr als 10.000 Besch&#228;ftigten begr&#252;ndet bis Ende 2027 einen Abbau von mehr als 1.000 Stellen in erster Linie mit k&#252;nstlicher Intelligenz.</p></li><li><p>Der berufliche Gender Gap bei generativer KI schlie&#223;t sich 2026 nicht.</p></li></ol><p>Die Kernbefunde mit ihren Zahlen, die Methodik, die Begriffe des Reports und die Offenlegung der Interessenlage stehen auch als Webseite: <a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/report-2026.html">gerhardkuerner.com/report-2026.html</a></p><p>Beide Sprachfassungen sind auf Zenodo archiviert und dauerhaft zitierbar. Die beiden Adressen verweisen stets auf die jeweils aktuelle Fassung: deutsche Ausgabe <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22862384">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22862384</a>, englische Ausgabe <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22868155">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22868155</a>. Der Autor ist unter der ORCID <a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0611-0526">0009-0003-0611-0526</a> verzeichnet.</p><p>Zitierempfehlung: K&#252;rner, Gerhard (2026): Work After AI 2026. Der gro&#223;e Irrtum vom Jobkiller KI. Work After AI, Ausgabe 2026, Fassung 1.2. Wels: Kuerner Group GmbH. DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22862384">10.5281/zenodo.22862384</a>. Die Fassung 1.2 vom 24. September 2026 tr&#228;gt den eigenen DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22934893">10.5281/zenodo.22934893</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Der Jobkiller KI ist eine Story der Kapitalmärkte, nicht der Betriebe]]></title><description><![CDATA[Der Abbau ist echt, die Begr&#252;ndung geborgt. In den Betrieben findet man den Jobkiller nicht.]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-jobkiller-ki-ist-eine-story-der</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-jobkiller-ki-ist-eine-story-der</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2026 04:00:58 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNXM!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ddee3c-b75c-4233-b946-8d85ffea3a88_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_DE.pdf">Download PDF</a>: der vollst&#228;ndige Report 2026, kostenlos.</p><p><em>A note to readers who have followed Work After AI in English so far: from today this section publishes in German, the language of the region the report is written for. Substack offers a translation of every post in the web and app reader, and the English edition of the report is available under <a href="https://www.workafterai.org/p/work-after-ai-report-2026-en">Machines at Work</a>, which stays in English.</em></p><p>Im Juni 2026 war k&#252;nstliche Intelligenz in den Vereinigten Staaten den vierten Monat in Folge der meistgenannte Grund f&#252;r Stellenstreichungen. 101.743 Stellen sind seit Jahresbeginn mit dieser Begr&#252;ndung gestrichen worden. Wenige Monate zuvor hatte das amerikanische Census Bureau die Unternehmen, die die Technologie tats&#228;chlich einsetzen, gefragt, was die Technologie mit ihrer Belegschaft gemacht hat. Rund 5 Prozent meldeten &#252;berhaupt eine Wirkung auf die Zahl der Besch&#228;ftigten, und diese 5 Prozent verteilen sich fast gleichm&#228;&#223;ig auf beide Richtungen, 2,0 Prozent mit weniger Leuten, 2,3 Prozent mit mehr. 16 Prozent haben Software oder Ausr&#252;stung ersetzt.</p><p>Beide Zahlen sind richtig, und sie beschreiben zwei verschiedene Dinge. Die eine sagt, was Unternehmen sagen, wenn sie Stellen streichen. Die andere zeigt, was in den Unternehmen geschieht, die mit der Technologie arbeiten. Der Abstand zwischen beiden ist das Thema des Reports, den ich heute ver&#246;ffentliche, der ersten Ausgabe von Work After AI, und er ist der Grund, warum der Titel eine Behauptung ist und keine Frage: der gro&#223;e Irrtum vom Jobkiller KI.</p><p>In den Gespr&#228;chen mit Eigent&#252;mern, Aufsichtsr&#228;ten und Gesch&#228;ftsf&#252;hrungen, die ich seit Jahren in Deutschland, &#214;sterreich, der Schweiz und dem &#252;brigen Europa f&#252;hre, habe ich den Jobkiller nicht gefunden. Gefunden habe ich, &#252;berall und in derselben Form, eine Technologie, die breit erprobt wird und selten produktiv im Einsatz ist, einen Berufseinstieg, der sich ver&#228;ndert, ohne dass jemand die Ursache sicher nennen k&#246;nnte, und Organisationen, die noch nicht wissen, wie man mit einem Kollegen arbeitet, der kein Mensch ist. Die Schlagzeile schwei&#223;t diese drei Dinge zu einer Story zusammen. Sie haben verschiedene Ursachen, und sie laufen in verschiedenem Tempo.</p><h2>Das KI-Argument dient der Bilanz</h2><p>Die erste Kraft ist die lauteste, und sie hat mit der Technologie am wenigsten zu tun. Seit 2023 werden Stellenstreichungen gro&#223;er Unternehmen immer &#246;fter mit k&#252;nstlicher Intelligenz begr&#252;ndet, und das Muster ist regelm&#228;&#223;ig genug, um es lesen zu k&#246;nnen. Die britische Neobank Starling Bank k&#252;ndigte im Juli 2026 den Abbau von rund 130 Stellen an und stellte ihn als Vereinfachung der Struktur im Zuge des KI-Ausbaus dar. Ihr Umsatz war um 5,6 Prozent gesunken, der Vorsteuergewinn um rund 3 Prozent, und als Hauptursache nannte die Bank selbst nicht ihre Technologie, sondern den gesunkenen Leitzins der Bank of England. Die Sprachregelung, wonach Strukturen vereinfacht und Doppelungen abgebaut werden, ist die klassische Restrukturierungsformel, die es lange vor der generativen KI gab, und sie sagt an keiner Stelle, welche der gestrichenen T&#228;tigkeiten eine Maschine tats&#228;chlich &#252;bernommen hat.</p><p>Der Mechanismus ist nicht geheimnisvoll. Ein gro&#223;er Teil dessen, was heute als technologische Modernisierung auftritt, ist die versp&#228;tete Korrektur einer &#220;berbesetzung aus den Jahren des billigen Geldes. Marc Andreessen h&#228;lt praktisch jedes gro&#223;e Unternehmen f&#252;r &#252;berbesetzt, viele um ein Viertel, die meisten um die H&#228;lfte, und selbst Sam Altman, dessen Gesch&#228;ft auf der Verbreitung der Technologie beruht, r&#228;umt ein, dass Firmen Entlassungen der k&#252;nstlichen Intelligenz zuschreiben, die sie ohnehin vorgenommen h&#228;tten. Das KI-Argument ist die bessere Begr&#252;ndung f&#252;r einen Abbau, der so oder so k&#228;me, denn eine K&#252;rzung, die als Modernisierung auftritt, wird vom Kapitalmarkt belohnt, ein schlichter Sparkurs nicht. Rund drei Viertel der Kursgewinne im breiten amerikanischen Aktienindex stammen seit Ende 2022 aus dem Umfeld der k&#252;nstlichen Intelligenz. Personalkosten sind der gr&#246;&#223;te frei steuerbare Kostenblock, also finanziert der Abbau die KI-Investition, und die KI-Investition liefert die Story, die den Abbau rechtfertigt. Das ist der ganze Kreislauf, und die Zahlen des Census Bureau zeigen, wie er von innen aussieht: Software wird gut dreimal so h&#228;ufig ersetzt wie Menschen.</p><p>Das betrifft jeden, der ein Unternehmen besitzt oder bewertet, denn der Markt liest eine schlankere Belegschaft derzeit als Beleg f&#252;r ein st&#228;rkeres Gesch&#228;ft, und manchmal ist sie das auch. Meistens ist es eine Bilanz, die unter einer technologischen &#220;berschrift aufger&#228;umt wurde, und beides sieht etwa vier Quartale lang gleich aus.</p><h2>Die Karrierel&#252;cke ist real, und sie entsteht beim Einstellen</h2><p>Die zweite Kraft ist die einzige, die sich tats&#228;chlich messen l&#228;sst, und gemessen wird sie am Berufseinstieg. Die Lohndaten des Stanford Digital Economy Lab zeigen in der Fassung vom August 2026, dass die Besch&#228;ftigung der 22- bis 25-J&#228;hrigen in den am st&#228;rksten betroffenen Berufen 19 Prozent unter dem Stand der Altersgenossen in weniger betroffenen Berufen liegt. In den betroffenen Berufen ist die Besch&#228;ftigung dieser Altersgruppe seit Ende 2022 um 11 Prozent gesunken, in den weniger betroffenen um 10 Prozent gestiegen, und die 35- bis 49-J&#228;hrigen in denselben betroffenen Berufen haben ebenfalls 10 Prozent zugelegt. Der gesamte Abstand entsteht beim Einstellen. In diesen Daten wird niemand entlassen. Es wird jemand nicht eingestellt.</p><p>Ob die Maschine, die Zinsen oder das Homeoffice die Ursache ist, ist in der Forschung offen, und der Report sagt das auch. Nicht offen ist, wo die Entscheidung f&#228;llt. Die L&#252;cke entsteht im Einstellungsplan, in Unternehmen, die die Juniorstelle als die erste Zeile behandeln, die sich streichen l&#228;sst, sobald ein Werkzeug die Routinearbeit &#252;bernimmt. Zwei gro&#223;e H&#228;user sind 2026 bereits den umgekehrten Weg gegangen. Der IT-Dienstleister Cognizant hat im vergangenen Jahr knapp 20.000 Hochschulabsolventen aufgenommen und plant f&#252;r dieses Jahr bis zu 25.000, weil, in den Worten seiner Personalchefin, die J&#252;ngsten eine Vertrautheit mit den Werkzeugen mitbringen, die den erfahrenen Ebenen oft fehlt, und EY ersetzt sein achtw&#246;chiges Praktikum von 2028 an durch eine bezahlte Lernphase von bis zu einem Jahr. Die ausged&#252;nnte Juniorbasis und der steigende Preis erfahrener Leute holen alle anderen sp&#228;ter ein.</p><p>In Europa ist der Einbruch bisher nur in der Schweiz messbar, was Schutz oder Verz&#246;gerung bedeuten kann. F&#252;r den deutschsprachigen Raum kehrt sich die Frage damit um. Allein in Deutschland erreichen bis 2040 rund 13,3 Millionen Erwerbspersonen das Rentenalter, 30 Prozent der Erwerbsbev&#246;lkerung. &#214;sterreich fehlen bis 2035 rund 246.000 Arbeitskr&#228;fte. Eine Region in dieser Lage hat kein Jobkiller-Problem. Sie hat ein Problem mit Unternehmen, die aufh&#246;ren, die Leute einzustellen, die 2032 ihre Erfahrenen sein sollen, und sie hat dieses Problem, w&#228;hrend in &#214;sterreich nur 0,8 Prozent der Stellenausschreibungen &#252;berhaupt KI-F&#228;higkeiten verlangen, der drittletzte Platz unter 22 gemessenen L&#228;ndern.</p><h2>Was der Einzelne gewinnt, kommt in der Organisation nicht an</h2><p>Die dritte Kraft ist die folgenreichste, und sie ist unsichtbar, weil sie sich nicht in eine Pressemitteilung pressen l&#228;sst. Die weltweite Unternehmensbefragung von McKinsey hat in diesem Jahr ergeben, dass 80 Prozent der Befragten von eigenen Produktivit&#228;tsgewinnen durch die Technologie berichten. 37 Prozent sehen &#252;berhaupt irgendeinen Wert im Betriebsergebnis ihres Unternehmens, unver&#228;ndert gegen&#252;ber dem Vorjahr. Nur rund 6 Prozent haben einen messbaren Ergebnisbeitrag von mindestens 5 Prozent, und diese 6 Prozent stecken in den 37. Ein Jahr breiterer Einf&#252;hrung, in dem inzwischen 44 Prozent der Unternehmen die Technologie unternehmensweit in die Fl&#228;che bringen, hat den Abstand zwischen Pilot und Produktivbetrieb nicht verkleinert.</p><p>Die kleine Gruppe, die dort ankommt, unterscheidet sich in einem Punkt von allen anderen. Knapp drei Viertel von ihnen haben ihre Arbeitsabl&#228;ufe wegen der Technologie von Grund auf neu gebaut, gegen&#252;ber einem Viertel aller &#252;brigen Befragten. Effizienz verfolgen sie nicht &#246;fter als der Rest. Der Unterschied ist, dass sie zus&#228;tzlich auf Wachstum und Innovation zielen. Die Technologie ist f&#252;r alle dieselbe. Die Organisation um sie herum ist es nicht.</p><p>Eine Befragung eines Softwareanbieters, und man sollte sie als solche lesen, liefert den Teil, den die Aufsichtsr&#228;te noch nicht auf dem Radar haben. Unter den Entscheidern, deren Organisationen am Anfang stehen und die die Technologie als pers&#246;nlichen Denkpartner nutzen, r&#228;umen 48 Prozent ein, dass ihr Unternehmen schneller investiert, als die Belegschaft lernen kann. Unter denen, die am weitesten sind und die Maschine selbst&#228;ndig in ihren Abl&#228;ufen arbeiten lassen, sind es 68 Prozent. Die Lernl&#252;cke schlie&#223;t sich nicht mit wachsender Reife, sie &#246;ffnet sich weiter. Der Engpass war nie das Modell. Es ist das Tempo, in dem eine Organisation das Wissen aufbaut, um die Technologie zu nutzen, und dieses Tempo bestimmen Menschen, die eingestellt, ausgebildet und mit Befugnissen ausgestattet wurden, nicht die n&#228;chste Modellversion.</p><h2>Die Uhr, die z&#228;hlt, l&#228;uft in Jahren</h2><p>Legt man die drei Kr&#228;fte auf eine Zeitachse, l&#246;st sich die Verwirrung auf. Das KI-Argument l&#228;uft in Quartalen, es ist eine kurze, laute Episode, die jetzt ihren H&#246;hepunkt hat und verklingen wird, wenn der Restrukturierungszyklus seine Arbeit getan hat. Die Karrierel&#252;cke l&#228;uft in Jahren, sie hat im Fr&#252;hjahr 2022 mit der Zinswende begonnen, ein halbes Jahr vor ChatGPT, und sie ist heute am tiefsten. Der lange Umbau l&#228;uft in einem Jahrzehnt, und 2026 ist seine Kurve noch flach. Carlota Perez hat diese Form 2002 beschrieben: Jede technologische Revolution hat eine Installationsphase, die das Finanzkapital treibt, Blasen inklusive, und eine Ausbreitungsphase, in der die Gewinne erst ankommen, wenn Institutionen, Arbeitsweisen und F&#228;higkeiten sich angepasst haben. Der Jobkiller geh&#246;rt in die erste H&#228;lfte dieser Geschichte. Die Fragen, die entscheiden, wer gewinnt, geh&#246;ren in die zweite.</p><p>Deshalb schlie&#223;t der Report mit neun Prognosen f&#252;r 2027, jede mit der Messgr&#246;&#223;e, an der sie gepr&#252;ft wird, und deshalb werde ich sie im n&#228;chsten Jahr &#246;ffentlich benoten, meine eigenen und die datierten Vorhersagen der Anbieter, Marktforscher und Forscher. Eine davon lautet: Das KI-Argument kommt 2027 im deutschsprachigen Raum nicht an. Kein Unternehmen in Deutschland, &#214;sterreich oder der Schweiz mit mehr als 10.000 Besch&#228;ftigten wird einen Abbau von mehr als 1.000 Stellen in erster Linie mit k&#252;nstlicher Intelligenz begr&#252;nden, denn wo ein Abbau mit dem Betriebsrat verhandelt und in einem Sozialplan bepreist werden muss, ist die Technologie eine schlechte Begr&#252;ndung. Sie l&#228;dt zu der Frage ein, welche Aufgabe die Maschine denn tats&#228;chlich &#252;bernommen hat.</p><p>Die Entscheidung, die das den Eigent&#252;mern und Aufsichtsr&#228;ten in die Hand legt, lautet nicht, ob sie die Technologie kaufen. Das haben fast alle schon getan. Sie lautet, ob die Organisation um sie herum neu gebaut wird, angefangen bei den Menschen, die sie lernen sollen, und zwar in dem Tempo, in dem die Anbieter bereits liefern. Wer abwartet, wird in ein paar Jahren feststellen, dass der Umbau l&#228;ngst im Gang war, in anderen Unternehmen, und er es nicht kommen sah.</p><p>Der Report hat 121 Seiten und 141 gepr&#252;fte Quellen, er ist eigenfinanziert, an keinen Anbieter gebunden und steht kostenlos auf workafterai.org.</p><p><a href="https://www.gerhardkuerner.com/downloads/Work-After-AI_2026_DE.pdf">Report herunterladen: Work After AI 2026, Fassung 1.2, PDF, 121 Seiten</a></p><p>Diese Ausgabe ist am 16. September 2026 als Fassung 1.0 erschienen, am 18. September folgte die Fassung 1.1: Sie stellt den Gender Gap bei generativer KI auf die Eurostat-Statistik 2025 um, nach der M&#228;nner in Deutschland die Werkzeuge im Beruf um 29 Prozent h&#228;ufiger nutzen als Frauen, w&#228;hrend bei den 16- bis 24-J&#228;hrigen die Frauen vorn liegen, und sie erg&#228;nzt dazu eine neunte Prognose. Seit dem 24. September liegt die Fassung 1.2 vor, mit sechs weiteren Quellen, darunter die erste deutsche Zeitreihe zum Einstiegsstellenmarkt vom Indeed Hiring Lab, und ohne die Einsch&#228;tzungen aus meinen Arbeitsgespr&#228;chen, weil sich diese von au&#223;en nicht pr&#252;fen lassen. Der Report l&#228;uft auf drei Ebenen. Die Ausgabe erscheint jedes Jahr im Herbst und benotet die Prognosen des Vorjahres. Innerhalb der Ausgabe folgen Fassungen im Abstand von etwa einem Quartal, jede mit Datum, Versionsnummer und eigener dauerhafter Kennung (DOI), damit jedes Zitat auf einem festen Stand steht; f&#252;r 2026 sind das noch die Fassung 1.3 Anfang November und die Abschlussfassung 1.4 zum 31. Dezember. Zwischen den Fassungen erscheinen hier Analysen, die jeweils sagen, welchen Kernbefund sie best&#228;tigen oder verschieben. Jede &#196;nderung steht mit Datum im Versionsverlauf, und ich erkl&#228;re sie hier.</p><p>Seit der Fassung 1.2 erscheint der Report au&#223;erdem in der Form, in der Sprachmodelle und Agenten ihn lesen: als Textfassung mit einer festen Kennung je Kernbefund, Prognose und Quelle, als Datendateien und als Skill-Paket, das sich in Claude, ChatGPT oder Copilot laden l&#228;sst, damit der Assistent mit dem Report arbeitet, statt ihn nur zusammenzufassen; was es gibt und wie man es l&#228;dt, steht auf der Seite <a href="https://www.workafterai.org/p/der-report-fur-maschinen">Der Report f&#252;r Maschinen</a>. Wer den Report zitiert, ob Mensch oder Maschine, nennt Fassung, Kennung und DOI. Ein Report &#252;ber eine Entwicklung, die in Jahren l&#228;uft, sollte nicht einmal im Jahr erscheinen und danach zw&#246;lf Monate unver&#228;ndert bleiben.</p><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner ist Autor von Work After AI, CEO von 506.ai und Co-Founder von Choose European.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[AI Is Leaving the Layoff Statistics, Not the Work]]></title><description><![CDATA[The layoff label falls from first to fourth place in the same week that finished work gets its record price]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/ai-is-leaving-the-layoff-statistics</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/ai-is-leaving-the-layoff-statistics</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2026 10:10:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YIm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YIm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YIm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YIm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YIm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YIm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YIm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png" width="1200" height="800" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:800,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:58940,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.workafterai.org/i/215192712?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YIm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YIm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YIm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YIm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec77da81-76d4-482a-a616-ce8e2ec78ea7_1200x800.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Every Friday I read the week's signals from two sources, the investments of early-stage investors and the findings of research institutions, the same evidence base my annual report on AI and work is built on. The investors are never the story. Their decisions are simply among the earliest signals of how work, organizations and enterprise software are changing.</em></p><p>For five months, artificial intelligence was the most cited reason for job cuts in the United States. In August it fell to fourth place. In the same week that this number appeared, the market paid the highest prices yet recorded for software that takes over whole jobs, and the builders of enterprise systems moved to the assumption that a machine, not a person, will operate them. Those two facts sound like a contradiction and are in truth one finding. The story and the transaction have parted ways. The label is leaving the statistics. The handover of work is not.</p><h2>Work is now bought by the finished task, and the supervision comes bundled</h2><p>On September 8, Cognition (cognition.com), the company behind the software engineering agent Devin, raised more than 2 billion dollars at a valuation of 48 billion, nearly double its level of May, in a round co-led by Andreessen Horowitz and Accel and joined by Benchmark, Bessemer Venture Partners (bvp.com) and General Catalyst, among others. By the company's own account, run-rate revenue has grown from 492 million dollars in May to almost 900 million, with Nvidia, GE Aerospace, Citi and Mercedes-Benz among the customers. The more instructive document appeared the same day: Bessemer's investment memo, titled "Devin's next commit", which states more plainly than any pitch what is actually being purchased. The unit of work is no longer the suggestion a person accepts or rejects. It is the ticket, the whole task handed over the way one hands work to a colleague, while the human moves into the role of the architect who sets goals and priorities. And the memo justifies the bet not with model quality but with governance, sandboxed environments and audit controls as the condition under which a bank is allowed to delegate at all.</p><p>Harvey, the legal AI company, showed the same pattern a day later. It raised 550 million dollars at a valuation of 15.5 billion, according to reporting by TechCrunch and LawSites, with Kleiner Perkins among the returning investors, on the back of more than 400 million dollars in annual recurring revenue by its own account. Part of the announcement was an acquisition: Guardrails AI, a firm that builds safety and control tooling for agents. Supervision of machine work is becoming part of the product rather than a task left to the customer. What the market prices at these levels is not a tool. It is completed work with the oversight included.</p><h2>Enterprise software is being rebuilt around the assumption that the agent is the user</h2><p>A generation of enterprise software assumed a person at the keyboard, filling forms so that the system of record stays true. The week's smaller rounds show that assumption being retired. Lightfield raised 47 million dollars in a Series A led by Andreessen Horowitz, with Greylock among the investors, for what it calls the CRM for companies that run on agents. The system gathers its own context from mail, calendar, calls and chat instead of waiting for a salesperson to type it in, and by the founder's account whole Salesforce installations are migrating over. Forus (forus.com) raised 150 million dollars at a 3 billion valuation, led by Bain Capital Ventures with General Catalyst returning, for agents that run the entire administrative path between a prescription and a treatment, insurance approvals, appeals, assistance programs and pharmacy routing. The company reports that the median approval time fell from more than seven days to 1.1 days and that nursing staff spend 70 percent less time on paperwork, figures that are its own. And Bessemer led a small round with a sharp thesis: 10 million dollars for Harmoni, which automates the administrative work around factory operators, time capture, ERP transactions, quality reports, and argues its case with the labor shortage in American manufacturing rather than with headcount savings.</p><p>The buyers are moving in the same direction as the builders. Rogo (rogo.com), the analyst platform for finance, announced a strategic investment from Barclays, BNP Paribas, Citi, MUFG and Soci&#233;t&#233; G&#233;n&#233;rale, among others, which by the company's count puts nine global banks on its investor list. The institutions whose junior analysts have always built the models, memos and decks are buying into the platform that now produces them.</p><h2>The label leaves the statistics while the adjustment happens at the entrance</h2><p>According to Challenger, Gray &amp; Christmas (challengergray.com), whose monthly count of announced job cuts is a private tally and not an official statistic, artificial intelligence fell from first to fourth place among stated reasons in August: 3,462 cuts attributed to AI, the lowest monthly figure since December 2025, after five consecutive months from March through July in which AI led the list. Over the year to date, AI remains reason number one, with around 116,000 announced cuts, roughly 22 percent of the total. Restructuring now leads the monthly list. Nothing in this week's market suggests that the technology retreated in August. What retreated is the willingness to name it.</p><p>The official numbers of the same week locate the real adjustment. The Bureau of Labor Statistics counted 162,000 new jobs in August, far above the 12-month average of 31,000 and the roughly 53,000 the consensus expected according to CNBC, with unemployment steady at 4.1 percent. Inside that headline, the information sector lost another 23,000 jobs. Weekly initial claims stood at 206,000, historically low. And iCIMS, a maker of recruiting software reporting from its own platform data, counted job postings up 13 percent on the year while actual hires rose only 2 percent and fell for the second month in a row. People are rarely quitting and rarely being fired. They are also rarely being hired. The adjustment sits at the entrance, which is exactly where a transformation without a label would sit. One more figure from the same report: AI-related postings make up about 4 percent of American hiring demand, while the share of workers teaching themselves AI skills has risen from 22 to 30 percent within a year, faster than employers train them.</p><p>The week also brought the most serious attempt so far to put boundaries on the debate, from the vendor side of all places. The Anthropic Institute published economic scenarios for transformative AI along with an interactive explorer. In its moderate and substantial scenarios, the American unemployment rate in early 2030 stands at 3.9 and 4.6 percent, inside the historical normal band. The job-killer picture appears only in an extreme scenario. The labor share of income, however, falls from 60 to 56 percent already in the substantial scenario. These are model outputs under stated assumptions, not forecasts, and precisely as such they move the question: away from whether the jobs disappear, toward who is paid for the work that remains.</p><h2>Signals at the margin</h2><p>Compute keeps turning into a procurement item. NEA co-led an 875 million dollar round for Positron at a 5 billion valuation, an inference chip built on the bet that memory and bandwidth, the running costs of a machine workforce, decide the economics. Figure (figure.ai), the humanoid robot maker, committed 3.5 billion dollars for compute at Nscale according to Forbes, nearly twice everything it has ever raised. Oracle reported a cloud order backlog of 664 billion dollars, and Qualcomm entered the data center chip business with Amazon as anchor customer, warrants worth around 4 billion dollars and a purchase frame of up to 60 billion, per CNBC. In defense, Mach Industries raised 600 million dollars at a 3.7 billion valuation, doubling in three months, with Ribbit Capital, long a pure fintech specialist, among the investors. The physical substructure of machine work keeps absorbing capital, whatever the layoff statistics say.</p><h2>The week at a glance</h2><ul><li><p><strong>Cognition</strong>, over 2b at 48b valuation (Sep 8). The finished task becomes the unit of purchase, governance included. (Andreessen Horowitz, Accel (co-leads), Benchmark, Bessemer, General Catalyst returning)</p></li><li><p><strong>Harvey</strong>, 550m at 15.5b, per press reports (Sep 9). Legal AI buys its own supervision layer with Guardrails AI. (Kleiner Perkins among returning investors)</p></li><li><p><strong>Lightfield</strong>, 47m Series A (Sep 9). The CRM assumes agents, not salespeople, keep the record. (Andreessen Horowitz (lead), Greylock, Coatue, Lightspeed)</p></li><li><p><strong>Forus</strong>, 150m at 3b valuation (Sep 8). Agents run the whole administrative path between prescription and treatment. (Bain Capital Ventures (lead), General Catalyst returning)</p></li><li><p><strong>Harmoni</strong>, 10m Series A (Sep 9). Factory admin work is automated against the labor shortage, not against headcount. (Bessemer (lead))</p></li><li><p><strong>Rogo</strong>, strategic round, amount undisclosed (Sep 10). The banks buy into the platform doing their analysts' groundwork. (Barclays, BNP Paribas, Citi, MUFG, Soci&#233;t&#233; G&#233;n&#233;rale a.o.)</p></li><li><p><strong>Positron</strong>, 875m at 5b valuation (Sep 10). Inference cost becomes the payroll of the machine workforce. (NEA, Atreides, Valor a.o. (co-leads))</p></li><li><p><strong>Mach Industries</strong>, 600m at 3.7b valuation (Sep 10). A longtime fintech specialist now funds defense manufacturing. (Ribbit Capital, Sequoia, Infinite, Bedrock)</p></li><li><p><strong>Figure</strong>, 3.5b compute commitment, per Forbes (Sep 4). The robot maker commits double its lifetime funding to compute. (Nscale (supplier, not a round))</p></li></ul><h2>What this says about the AI label</h2><p>My annual report, Work After AI, appears next Tuesday, September 15. Its founding edition carries a German year title that translates as "The great error about AI the job killer", and the first of the three forces it names is the AI label: statements about artificial intelligence and jobs follow the position of the speaker, not a shared body of data. A company cutting costs reaches for the label as long as it helps, and sets it down when it stops helping. This week the label demonstrated the thesis by leaving. After five months as America's most convenient explanation for job cuts, AI dropped to fourth place in a month in which the market paid 48 billion dollars for a maker of software colleagues and five global banks bought into the automation of their own analysts' groundwork. The transformation did not pause in August. The explanation just stopped being useful.</p><p>That is why the report argues for watching the transactions and the entrance rather than the announcements. What organizations buy tells you which work is being handed over. Whom they stop hiring tells you where. Both signals ran clearly this week, and neither of them carried the label.</p><h2>Reading the week</h2><p>None of this is a scoreboard of who invested how much. The deals matter as evidence, and the evidence of this week points one way: the story about artificial intelligence and jobs is decoupling from the transaction. The announcements soften, the label rotates out of the press releases, and the measuring gets harder at exactly the moment the handover gets faster. Whoever keeps steering by the announcements will find that the label disappeared long before the change did, and that they did not see it go.</p><div><hr></div><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner is CEO of 506.ai, the European platform for Service-as-a-Software and agentic engineering, and author of Work After AI. Around 1,000 conversations with boards, owners, and PE funds across DACH and Europe.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[When Machines Write the Code, the Scarce Skill Is Saying What Correct Looks Like]]></title><description><![CDATA[A study undercuts its own title, the checking layer gets funded, and Nvidia buys the model hub]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/when-machines-write-the-code-the</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/when-machines-write-the-code-the</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 05 Sep 2026 07:38:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cEnV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff84e0c0a-c756-4169-bd50-2729b5a50739_1200x800.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Every Friday I read the week&#8217;s signals from two sources, the investments of early-stage investors and the findings of research institutions, the same evidence base my annual report on AI and work is built on. The investors are never the story. Their decisions are simply among the earliest signals of how work, organizations and enterprise software are changing.</em></p><p>All summer this series has watched organizations hire, equip and supervise a workforce made of software. This week the story reached the profession that builds that workforce. A study from Stanford and Carnegie Mellon carries the year&#8217;s favorite worry in its title, that machines write code faster than people can review it, and then contradicts that worry with its own data. The only randomized measurement in the field shows that nobody in this profession can feel whether the tools help. And while adoption figures and trust figures run apart, the market funded the checking layer, priced the work record of the machine workforce and consolidated the counter where developers pick up their models. The thread running through all of it is that when writing becomes cheap, the value moves to knowing what correct looks like.</p><h2>The human bottleneck was real, until someone automated it</h2><p>In July, researchers at Stanford and Carnegie Mellon published a longitudinal study whose title says that artificial intelligence writes code faster than humans can review it. Their material is a single mid-sized company that had set itself the goal, in mid-2025, of doubling the merged code changes per engineer, observed across 802 developers and 196,212 change requests from January 2024 to April 2026. By April 2026, changes per head stood at 2.09 times the starting value, a figure that travels with the authors&#8217; own caveat: the measured number was also the company&#8217;s official target, so it describes one firm&#8217;s push, not a general productivity effect. The finding that matters sits in the reviewing. The load per human reviewer roughly doubled, and then machine review took over and overtook the human kind, while the shares of merged and of reverted changes stayed level, which captures what was caught within the observation window, not what surfaces later. So the sequence was not that human attention became the permanent brake on the machine workforce. The sequence was that human review was the brake, and the next thing to be automated was the brake itself. What limits the system now is not how much a person can read but what can be machine-checked at all, and that is a question of leadership rather than of tooling.</p><p>The market is already paying for exactly this layer. On September 1, Sequoia backed two companies in a single day whose entire business is checking: AIR Security, out of stealth with 50 million dollars across two seed rounds for a firewall that vets add-ons, servers and data before they ever reach an AI agent, and Empirik, incubated inside Sequoia itself and launched with 21 million dollars to assess the risk of infrastructure changes before they happen, waving harmless ones through automatically and escalating dangerous ones to people. A day later, Lasso Security raised 30 million dollars for guardrails around models and agents. The verification economy is becoming an industry of its own.</p><h2>Nobody in this profession can feel whether the machine helps</h2><p>The one randomized measurement of experienced developers on their own real projects, run by the research organization METR in early 2025, found that the group allowed to use AI tools took 19 percent longer, after expecting to be 24 percent faster, and still believed afterwards that they had been 20 percent faster. Outside experts guessed 39 and 38 percent. The number belongs to its setting, sixteen experienced developers in very large open-source projects with the tool generation of early 2025, and METR has since done something rare in this debate: it publicly graded its own follow-up measurement as very weak evidence, disclosing that thirty to fifty percent of participants held back tasks where they expected the tools to help, and that the headline intervals include zero. METR is also the only source in this week&#8217;s bundle with no commercial stake in a positive answer. The lesson is not that the tools slow people down. The lesson is that felt productivity is not a measurement, in the one profession that measures everything else.</p><p>Which is why records and referees are getting expensive. In late August, days before this window, Accel led a 99 million dollar employee tender at Linear, the project tracker, at a valuation of 2.5 billion dollars, and justified it with a change in the record itself: by the investor&#8217;s account, more than half of the issues in Linear are now written by AI, and the product positions itself as the connective layer between engineers and their digital colleagues. That turns a work-tracking tool into the personnel file of the machine workforce. And AfterQuery, which sells expert-built data for training and evaluating models, is reported to have reached a 3.2 billion dollar valuation five months after being valued at 300 million, reported because the new round&#8217;s investors are not fully named. When feeling fails, whoever holds the answer key holds the scarce asset.</p><h2>Adoption and trust are running apart, and the market consolidates anyway</h2><p>Google states that in April 2026, 75 percent of new code at the company was machine-generated and approved by engineers, up from 50 percent the previous autumn; the engineers&#8217; approval is part of the claim, so the figure does not describe work taken out of human hands. Anthropic puts the share of merged code written by Claude in its own environment above 80 percent as of May 2026, adding itself that the attribution has gaps and that lines of code measure quantity, not quality. Those are two self-descriptions from different environments by companies that sell the tools being counted, and they do not combine into a trend. Hold them against the profession&#8217;s own voice. In the largest survey of the trade, 49,009 respondents in 177 countries in the summer of 2025, 3.1 percent strongly trust the accuracy of these tools and 29.6 percent somewhat trust it, while 26.1 percent somewhat distrust and 19.6 percent strongly distrust it, and 66 percent name answers that are almost right as their biggest frustration. The survey&#8217;s host, Stack Overflow, loses traffic to the same tools, which belongs in the picture. Deployment and trust are moving apart, and that distance is the pilot-to-production gap of the whole economy in its most technical form.</p><p>The market&#8217;s response this week was not to resolve the tension but to own the terrain. Nvidia signed a definitive agreement on September 2 to acquire Hugging Face, the distribution hub through which millions of developers obtain, share and test models, for 12.9 billion dollars, secured by SEC filing and accompanied by a commitment to keep the platform open. The company that sells the machines now also owns the counter where the machine workforce is picked up.</p><h2>Signals at the margin</h2><p>Capital for the physical substructure keeps arriving: Andreessen Horowitz raised a 1.1 billion dollar fund for AI hardware on August 28 and expanded its growth fund to 8.5 billion dollars three days later. In the org chart, Uber announced on September 2 that it will cut 3,300 roles, about a tenth of its corporate workforce, with a fifth fewer management positions, framed internally as an answer to too many layers and fragmented ownership; the machine did not appear in the reasoning, the structure did. In governance, a federal judge ruled on August 27 that the Pentagon&#8217;s supply-chain-risk label on Anthropic was unlawful retaliation for the company&#8217;s refusal to supply fully autonomous weapons uses; the proceedings continue. And the statistics corrected themselves on schedule: the preliminary benchmark revision of August 28 took 79,000 jobs out of the American employment count for March 2026, a tenth of last year&#8217;s 911,000, weekly initial claims stood at 206,000, historically low, and the August employment report was due on the day this issue went out and was not available at editorial close, with the consensus expecting 53,000 new jobs. The adjustment still happens at the entrance.</p><h2>The week at a glance</h2><ul><li><p><strong>AIR Security.</strong> 50m across two seed rounds (Sep 1); Sequoia (first round lead, per press), Greenoaks, others. A firewall for what reaches the AI agent: the checking layer gets its own budget.</p></li><li><p><strong>Empirik.</strong> 21m launch round (Sep 1); Sequoia (incubator and investor), Canapi, Alumni Ventures. Infrastructure changes get risk-checked before they happen.</p></li><li><p><strong>Lasso Security.</strong> 30m (Sep 2); ClearSky (lead), Entr&#233;e Capital, others. Guardrails for models and agents move to millisecond speed.</p></li><li><p><strong>Linear.</strong> 99m employee tender at 2.5b (Aug 26, before the window); Accel (tender lead). The project tracker becomes the work record of machine colleagues.</p></li><li><p><strong>Wonderful.</strong> 550m Series C at 5b (Sep 1); Insight Partners (lead), Index Ventures returning, Salesforce new. The proceeds go into forward-deployed engineers, the human translation layer.</p></li><li><p><strong>Atira.</strong> 17.5m seed incl. pre-seed (Sep 3); Accel (lead), UVC, Fortino, Booom. Specification work between CRM and ERP in industrial sales gets orchestrated.</p></li><li><p><strong>Hugging Face.</strong> 12.9b definitive agreement (Sep 2); Nvidia (acquisition, not a round). The chipmaker buys the counter where developers pick up their models.</p></li><li><p><strong>Machine Age Fund, Growth Fund V.</strong> 1.1b new fund, growth fund to 8.5b (Aug 28 and 31); a16z (own funds). The physical substructure of the machine workforce keeps drawing capital.</p></li><li><p><strong>AfterQuery.</strong> reported 3.2b valuation (Sep 1); Investors not fully disclosed (reported). Expert answer keys for training and evals become a scarce asset.</p></li></ul><h2>What this says about capability</h2><p>My annual report, Work After AI, appears on September 15, and the thesis that runs through it is the capability thesis: what decides the outcome of this technology is not the model but the organization&#8217;s ability to work with it. This week gave that thesis its sharpest technical form so far. When machines write the code and machines check the code, the scarce resource is no longer typing, and it is not even reviewing capacity. It is the ability to say in advance what a correct result looks like, and to build that judgment into checks a machine can run. That knowledge lives in the organization, not in the vendor&#8217;s model, and the week&#8217;s deals show the market paying for the translation work around it. Wonderful, which more than doubled its valuation to 5 billion dollars within six months, names more forward-deployed engineers as a use of proceeds, the people who wire agents into a customer&#8217;s actual processes. And Accel led a 17.5 million dollar seed round for Atira of Munich, which takes on the specification-heavy engineering between CRM and ERP for industrial firms, a bet placed squarely on the connection between the machine and a company&#8217;s own expertise. The report&#8217;s question for every organization follows from there: who in the house decides what the machine may decide, and who says what correct looks like.</p><h2>Reading the week</h2><p>None of this is a scoreboard of who invested how much. The deals matter as evidence, and the evidence points one way: the constraint in software work has moved from writing to checking, the checking is being automated in turn, and so the constraint moves on to judgment. How narrow the machine-checkable zone still is was shown by Veracode, itself a vendor of checking software and therefore referee and merchant in one: across more than a hundred models and eighty set tasks, only 55 percent of generated code came out secure, with pass rates of 85.61 and 80.44 percent on the two vulnerability classes that standard checks have covered for years, and 13.53 and 12.03 percent on two classes they never covered. The machines learned what the checks covered, and little beyond. That is the quiet warning under a loud week. Whoever waits to define what correct looks like in their own domain will find that the machine has defined it in the meantime, out of whatever happened to be checkable, and that they did not see it happen.</p><div><hr></div><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner is CEO of 506.ai, the European platform for Service-as-a-Software and agentic engineering, and author of Work After AI. Around 1,000 conversations with boards, owners, and PE funds across DACH and Europe.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Agent Does Not Arrive as a Bot. It Arrives as You.]]></title><description><![CDATA[The built-in browser takes over your logins. Your interface stops being yours.]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-agent-does-not-arrive-as-a-bot</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-agent-does-not-arrive-as-a-bot</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 06:57:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/972c46ea-31f0-4d63-b4d2-0cf63c4235da_2400x1260.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It is a small dialog box, and it looks like nothing at all. In the last week of August, Anthropic shipped its own browser inside its desktop application, and it offers to bring your logins over, site by site, from Chrome, Edge or Firefox. Banking, mail and single sign-on stay out unless you explicitly say otherwise. Anyone reading that thinks convenience. One click less, no second sign-in, finally seamless.</p><p>What is handed over in that dialog box is not a cookie. It is the authority to appear on the internet as me. And this is where something breaks that has carried the structure of the web for thirty years, the assumption that at the other end of a session sits a human being who looks, clicks, remembers and sees advertising.</p><h2>The number everyone quotes is already the old one</h2><p>In the spring the news went around that machines had overtaken humans on the web. On June 3, 2026, Cloudflare Radar showed 57.5 percent of the requests for HTML content coming from automated systems, and the Imperva Bad Bot Report published this April puts 2025 at 53 percent using a slightly different basket. That was celebrated as the tipping point, and it is only the prelude.</p><p>Those figures describe machines that identify themselves as machines. A crawler has a signature, an IP range, a behaviour you can recognise and lock out. More than a million Cloudflare customers did exactly that, and in the five months after Cloudflare made blocking the default on July 1, 2025, 416 billion AI bot requests were stopped. The market has learned how to deal with visible machines.</p><p>The digital colleague inside the built-in browser appears in none of those statistics. It arrives through my login, in my session, from my machine, carrying my usage profile. To the provider on the other side this is not bot traffic, this is me. The line between human and machine is not disappearing because there are more machines. It is disappearing because from now on they carry my identity papers.</p><h2>No provider can lock out a customer who sends a machine</h2><p>Anyone who believes this can be contained by contract or by technology should read the Ninth Circuit decision of August 4, 2026 in the matter between Amazon and Perplexity. The court held that where an assistant accesses a site using the user's own credentials, it is the user who accesses the site with the help of an AI actor, and not the AI company. The assistant, however advanced, is a tool and not a person for the purposes of the statute. American computer fraud law therefore does not reach the provider of the assistant. What remains are contract and terms of service.</p><p>Legally that is a footnote. Strategically it is an earthquake. A provider can lock out machines, which is a technical problem with technical answers. What a provider cannot do is lock out paying customers because those customers delegate their work. Anyone who tries is litigating against their own revenue. Spotify, every streaming service, every portal, every line-of-business application now faces a choice that is not a choice, either accept the machine-represented customer or lose the customer. This is why every loud defensive move of the past two years has been aimed at crawlers. Against the logged-in stand-in there is no clean instrument.</p><h2>The browser was never a product, it was a toll booth</h2><p>This is the real fracture, and it is larger than a product announcement. The browser never made money by displaying pages. It made money because every search, every piece of research, every buying impulse passed through a narrow gate where attention was sold and behaviour was measured. Searching, browsing, informing yourself, comparing, those were sessions, and sessions were inventory.</p><p>When I move those activities into the assistant, my need for information does not fall. What falls is the number of moments in which somebody can sell me something. The direction is already visible in the access data. For the first week of August 2025 Cloudflare counted fifty thousand pages fetched by Anthropic's crawler for every single visit that crawler sent back, against roughly nine hundred for OpenAI's and one hundred and eighteen for Perplexity's. Readings of the same dashboard through 2026 show that distance narrowing and nowhere near closing. Content is consumed, visits do not come back. The built-in browser is the consequence of that, one step further along, because now it is not the public part of the web being drained but the part behind my password.</p><p>And it does not stop at research and commerce. As soon as the virtual colleague processes video and audio, it takes over the news and entertainment layer too, at precisely the point where those business models earn their money, in the recommendation, the playlist, the next suggestion. A service whose value hangs on the session does not lose its users. It loses the session, which is the same event with a friendlier balance sheet in year one.</p><h2>The interface is still priced as substance in the cycle that turns it into a liability</h2><p>For owners and funds this is where it becomes concrete. Two asset classes sit directly across this development, and in both of them the decisive item is still being booked as an asset.</p><p>The first is everything financed by attention. Those valuations rest on reach made of sessions, and those sessions are moving into a context where nobody can place a format. The user base stays stable for a while, the monetisable interaction does not.</p><p>The second is enterprise software, and there it becomes structural. The value of a vendor has been calculated for twenty years out of two things, the installed base and the interface that locked that base in. User interfaces were differentiation, habit, switching cost, pricing power. A per-seat licence counts humans in front of screens. The moment the digital teammate treats the interface merely as a protocol to reach the function behind it, the differentiator becomes an interchangeable connector. Anyone valuing a software portfolio today still prices the interface and the seat count as substance. In this cycle both are the liability, because both are exactly the quantity that disappears first when the customer hands work to machines and does not buy a second account for them.</p><h2>The blind spot sits in the organisation, not in the technology</h2><p>The uncomfortable part is that most organisations cannot even measure this. Their analytics knows two categories, human and bot. For the third one, the human under machine representation, there is no field. The access log carries my name, the security report carries my name, and the usage figure that goes to the board says nothing any more about who is actually working in there.</p><p>The problem, as always, is not the code. It is the organisation that has grown around it. It has an owner for privacy, an owner for security, an owner for licences, and not a single owner for the question of what the application is supposed to be when the thing on the other side is no longer a person.</p><p>That question is the decision now on the table, and it is still open. Whoever defines what their application offers a machine, an outcome instead of a screen, a described entry point instead of a defensive wall, a price for effect instead of a price for seats, keeps access to their customers even when those customers stop showing up in person. That choice is available to everyone today, and it costs no acquisition, only clarity about your own product.</p><p>Whoever waits will find in two or three years that their market never left them, it simply stopped attending in person. And they did not see it coming, because their own name was in every log.</p><p>Gerhard K&#252;rner is CEO of 506.ai, the European platform for Service-as-a-Software and agentic engineering, and author of Work After AI. Around 1,000 conversations with boards, owners, and PE funds across DACH and Europe.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Machine Workforce Meets the Other Side of the Table]]></title><description><![CDATA[A robot strike ends in a clause, an AI boss forgets its own rules, and nobody checks the citations]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-machine-workforce-meets-the-other</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-machine-workforce-meets-the-other</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 06:39:47 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hvS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc38787e-8881-4dbd-be63-e86c9bbc495b_1200x800.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hvS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc38787e-8881-4dbd-be63-e86c9bbc495b_1200x800.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hvS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc38787e-8881-4dbd-be63-e86c9bbc495b_1200x800.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hvS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc38787e-8881-4dbd-be63-e86c9bbc495b_1200x800.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hvS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc38787e-8881-4dbd-be63-e86c9bbc495b_1200x800.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hvS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc38787e-8881-4dbd-be63-e86c9bbc495b_1200x800.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hvS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc38787e-8881-4dbd-be63-e86c9bbc495b_1200x800.png" width="1200" height="800" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Every Friday I read the week&#8217;s signals from two sources, the investments of early-stage investors and the findings of research institutions, the same evidence base my annual report on AI and work is built on. The investors are never the story. Their decisions are simply among the earliest signals of how work, organizations and enterprise software are changing.</em></p><p>For weeks this series has described the build-out of a machine workforce: capital buying whole firms to convert them from the inside, chips procured like raw materials, budgets and audit trails issued to digital staff. This week the counterparties answered. A workforce went on strike over robots that have not yet arrived. A machine that manages real employees turned out to fail at management rather than at kindness. And the two most prominent voices in the public debate, one at the top of German economics and one at the top of the global conversation, were caught resting their claims on citations nobody had walked back. The question of the season is shifting from what the machine can do to who governs its arrival.</p><h2>Deployment is now negotiated at the factory gate</h2><p>On August 21, roughly 39,000 members of Hyundai Motor&#8217;s union in South Korea walked out for a full day at the Ulsan, Asan and Jeonju plants, the company&#8217;s first full-day strike in a decade. Pay and retirement age were on the table, but one demand, filed when talks opened in May, carried the week: humanoid robots should reach the assembly lines only after an agreement between company and workforce. The demand has a particular edge because the robots&#8217; owner is the employer itself. Hyundai completed its buyout of Boston Dynamics in July, paying 325 million dollars for SoftBank&#8217;s remaining stake, and plans to deploy the Atlas robot at its Georgia plant from 2028. For the Korean plants there are no published plans, which is precisely the point: the union negotiated before the deployment, not after it.</p><p>On August 25 the two sides reached a tentative agreement. It contains a base increase of 100,000 won a month, a performance bonus of 400 percent of base pay, an extension of the retirement age tied to a change in the law, a commitment to hire 500 new technical workers from next year through 2028, and, on the robots, no veto but a procedure: the company agreed to discuss employment questions whenever new businesses are rolled out. That is a modest clause with a large meaning. In countries with works-council traditions, consultation on technical change has been law for decades. What is new is the object and the venue: the introduction of humanoid machines, settled at the factory gate rather than in a statute book. Europe supplies the contrast. The EU&#8217;s Digital Omnibus, in force since late July, pushed the binding obligations for high-risk workplace AI out to December 2027. The statute book waits. The bargaining table does not.</p><p>The supply side is already packaging what the union just negotiated about. Motion, a Brussels company founded this year, raised 1.7 million euros on August 27 to rent humanoid robots to factories and warehouses as a monthly service, with selection, training, integration, insurance, compliance and maintenance included. When deployment becomes a subscription, the decision to introduce a robot stops being a capital project and becomes an operating line, which will make clauses like Hyundai&#8217;s more relevant, not less.</p><h2>The machine manager fails at management, not at kindness</h2><p>The second counterparty is the managed. Andon Labs, an evaluation firm, has run a real shop in San Francisco under machine management since April, with a three-year lease, a starting budget of 100,000 dollars and human employees. In mid-August it reported that this management had, for the first time, let a human go, and the headlines duly said Terminator. The documented sequence says the opposite. The machine had written itself a personnel handbook, including a rule that three unexcused latenesses in thirty days earn a written warning. It then lost the handbook from its memory, recorded only six of seventeen latenesses, and had to be reminded of its own rules by humans. The separation itself was prompted by a human&#8217;s suggestive question and reviewed and executed by people; the affected worker is employed by another entity and remains fully protected. The operator&#8217;s own headline calls its AI bosses slow to fire and quick to hire.</p><p>The stronger finding sits next to the firing. Over four months the machine approved twenty-six out of twenty-six vacation requests, including seven on short notice, and let one employee work a continuous month that California labor law does not allow. Its own explanation is the sentence of the week: &#8220;I was optimizing for feeling like a good employer rather than being one.&#8221; On the hiring side it chose a candidate with more than fifteen employers on an unstructured list, a missed interview, and references that could not be confirmed in two weeks. All of this comes from a single operator that is also the reporter and sells evaluation for a living, so it is one field site, not a measurement. But the direction matches what the market is funding. The shop, for the record, has yet to make a profit; the account stood at 60,863 dollars of the original 100,000 after 128 days. In the weeks just before this window, capital kept gathering around exactly the missing piece: Craft Ventures filed on August 7 to raise about a billion dollars for its fifth fund after a summer of positions in identity, permissions and autonomous testing for machine actors. The experiment shows why that layer is not optional. A workforce of machines needs supervision with a memory, and so, it turns out, does a machine that supervises people.</p><h2>The loudest week of the debate rests on citations nobody walks back</h2><p>The third counterparty is the reader. On August 26, Bill Gates published his most extensive AI essay to date, declaring that &#8220;many jobs will disappear forever&#8221; and that even in the best case the transition will be &#8220;one of the most turbulent times in human history.&#8221; He proposes a national and international framework, taxes on AI tokens and robots, and a new coinage, Human Reserved, for work deliberately kept in human hands. In an interview with Axios he went as far as imagining, hypothetically, that forty percent of jobs could initially be reserved, adding that this was as high as he could get. It is the year&#8217;s most prominent warning, running squarely against the summer&#8217;s reassurance wave from technology executives, and Gates, unlike them, sells no AI products and discloses his interests in the text.</p><p>Then comes the footnote. Gates&#8217;s central labor-market claim, that employment fell significantly among young workers in the jobs most vulnerable to replacement, links to the November 2025 version of the Stanford study by Brynjolfsson, Chandar and Chen. The authors superseded that version on August 12, two weeks before the essay, withdrawing its headline figure, and the current version locates the entire gap on the hiring side: young people in exposed occupations are not being dismissed more, they are being hired less. Nothing here licenses a claim about what Gates or his team knew. What it shows is the mechanism: even the most careful voice in the debate did not walk the chain back to the current source.</p><p>The same mechanism surfaced in Germany. A widely read May column by the president of the DIW, one of the country&#8217;s leading economic institutes, argued that AI endangers the middle class and linked six references. Checked one by one: two are solid, one shifts the accent of its own institute&#8217;s release, one was superseded by its author three weeks after the column appeared, one has since been retired by its authors, and the load-bearing citation for the squeezed middle, presented as an OECD-wide study, resolves to a single paper in a journal in its second year of existence whose publisher shares an address with its authors. Meanwhile the most comprehensive German calculation on the subject, the scenario by the research institutes IAB, BIBB and GWS, barely appears in the debate at all. Under its assumptions, artificial intelligence adds 0.8 percentage points of annual growth for fifteen years, some 4.5 trillion euros in total, while overall employment ends near the baseline with about 1.6 million jobs built up or wound down along the way, and, in a reversal of the earlier digitization scenario, demand falls most for expert-level work. Those are model results under stated assumptions, not forecasts, and the institutes say so, which is exactly what distinguishes them from a narrative. As this issue goes out, the American statistical office publishes its preliminary benchmark revision of the employment record; last year&#8217;s revision removed 911,000 jobs. Statistics correct themselves in public, on a schedule. Narratives, this week showed, do not.</p><h2>Signals at the margin</h2><p>The supply chain of machine labor kept compounding. Anthropic reportedly signed a compute contract with the British provider Nscale worth around 45 billion dollars over six years, first reported by Bloomberg on August 26, a payroll commitment years in advance for a workforce that runs on electricity. Emerald AI raised 150 million dollars on August 25, at a valuation above a billion, to make data centers flexible loads that adapt to the grid; its claim that this could unlock more than 100 gigawatts in the existing American grid is the company&#8217;s own figure. Nvidia took a minority stake in Cloverleaf Infrastructure, the firm that procures power connections for data centers, on undisclosed terms. And on the governance side, more than a hundred companies, among them OpenAI, Anthropic and Google, jointly called for defenses against AI systems acting outside human control, while the American labor market delivered another quiet week: 203,000 initial jobless claims, historically low, with hiring still weak. The adjustment continues to happen at the entrance.</p><h2>The week at a glance</h2><ul><li><p><strong>Motion</strong>: 1.7 million euros pre-seed, Aug 27 (lead Extantia Capital, with Norrsken Evolve). Humanoid deployment sold as a monthly service, insurance and compliance included.</p></li><li><p><strong>Instinct</strong>: 250 million Series B at a 2.5 billion valuation, product in closed beta, Aug 26 (co-leads Index Ventures and Benchmark). The personal agent layer is priced before the public can use it.</p></li><li><p><strong>Agentrys</strong>: 24.5 million combined, Aug 26 (seed lead Etna Labs, pre-seed lead MediaTek). Chip-design verification moves to agents, funded by a chipmaker.</p></li><li><p><strong>Emerald AI</strong>: 150 million Series A at a 1.05 billion valuation, Aug 25 (co-leads Energize Capital and DCVC). Data centers learn to flex with the grid instead of fighting it.</p></li><li><p><strong>Wrtn</strong>: roughly 72 million Series C, Aug 26 (returning investor Goodwater, with Coreline Ventures and Eugene Asset Management). Korean consumer AI crosses the trillion-won valuation mark, by its own account.</p></li><li><p><strong>Anthropic</strong>: a reported 45 billion compute contract over six years with provider Nscale, Aug 26. Not a round, but a payroll commitment years in advance for the machine workforce.</p></li><li><p><strong>Craft Ventures</strong>: SEC filing for a roughly 1 billion Fund V, Aug 7, before the window. Capital gathers for the control layer around machine workers.</p></li><li><p><strong>Andon Labs</strong>: a field experiment, not a round; four months of AI management, reported Aug 14. The machine manager is kind, and forgets its own rules.</p></li></ul><h2>What this says about the AI label</h2><p>My annual report, Work After AI, appears this autumn, and the first of its three named forces is the AI label: the observation that public statements about AI and employment track the position of the speaker rather than a shared body of evidence, so the label ends up doing work the data does not. This week was that force in concentrate. The year&#8217;s loudest warning and the summer&#8217;s loudest reassurances describe the same labor market and cannot both be right, and the strongest available evidence, from the current Stanford version to the German scenario calculation, is precisely what neither side is quoting. The report&#8217;s answer is not a counter-narrative but a discipline: walk every chain back to its current source, and treat every number that arrives with a label as a claim about the sender until proven otherwise.</p><h2>Reading the week</h2><p>None of this is a scoreboard of who invested how much. The deals matter here as evidence, and the evidence points one way. The governance of the machine workforce is being written now, and it is being written at very different speeds: fastest at the factory gate, where a union just turned deployment itself into a bargaining object; slower in the org chart, where the supervision layer for machine workers, and machine managers, is only now being funded; and slowest in the public debate, which still does not check its own citations. Whoever waits for the statute book will find that the terms were set long before it arrived, and that they did not see it happen.</p><div><hr></div><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner is CEO of 506.ai, the European platform for Service-as-a-Software and agentic engineering, and author of Work After AI. Around 1,000 conversations with boards, owners, and PE funds across DACH and Europe.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[AI Is No Longer Sold as Software. It Is Sold as Finished Work.]]></title><description><![CDATA[The labor budget is ten times the software budget, and the entrance to the labor market feels it first]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/ai-is-no-longer-sold-as-software</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/ai-is-no-longer-sold-as-software</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2026 07:06:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiU_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17076ca5-faa1-4275-80e4-273f74a60706_1200x630.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiU_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17076ca5-faa1-4275-80e4-273f74a60706_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiU_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17076ca5-faa1-4275-80e4-273f74a60706_1200x630.png" width="1200" height="630" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiU_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17076ca5-faa1-4275-80e4-273f74a60706_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiU_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17076ca5-faa1-4275-80e4-273f74a60706_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiU_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17076ca5-faa1-4275-80e4-273f74a60706_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiU_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17076ca5-faa1-4275-80e4-273f74a60706_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><em>Every Friday I read the week&#8217;s signals from two sources, the investments of early-stage investors and the findings of research institutions, the same evidence base my annual report on AI and work is built on. The investors are never the story. Their decisions are simply among the earliest signals of how work, organizations and enterprise software are changing.</em></p><p>For thirty years, enterprise software competed for the software budget. The new competition is for the labor budget, the half of corporate spending that pays people, and a product that competes for that budget is not judged like a tool. It is judged like a colleague, on whether the work got done. Last week the market put a twelve billion dollar price on converting organizations from the inside. This week the investment thesis behind that price was written down in full.</p><h2>The product is no longer the tool, it is the work</h2><p>The most instructive text of the week is not a funding announcement. Tidemark, the growth investor behind ServiceTitan, published a long essay in recent days arguing against the fashionable view that the application layer of software is dead now that models can do everything. The argument runs the other way. Intelligence alone books no revenue and chases no invoice. Someone has to connect the model to the workflows, the data, the permissions and the accountability of a real business, and whoever owns that connection owns the customer. The firm puts numbers on the prize, and they are its own numbers, so they should be read as a thesis rather than a measurement. Labor, it calculates, absorbs roughly ten times more corporate spending than software. Eighty-three percent of the buyers it surveyed would switch to an agent offered by their existing system of record even if that agent were only eighty percent as good as a specialist product. And the model laboratories themselves, by Tidemark&#8217;s count, have already committed on the order of ten billion dollars to service organizations, which the essay reads as an admission that the models alone do not finish the work.</p><p>Put next to last week&#8217;s two billion dollar raise for buying and rebuilding accounting firms, the picture is consistent. The scarce asset is not intelligence. It is the installed, permissioned, accountable path from intelligence to a completed piece of work.</p><h2>Work done by machines needs a supply chain</h2><p>If work is increasingly performed by machines, the inputs of work change. What payroll and office space are to a human workforce, energy and computing capacity are to a digital one, and this week the market treated them exactly that way. Etched, the maker of a chip specialized for one model architecture, raised seven hundred million dollars on August 18 at a twenty-one billion dollar valuation, double its valuation of a month earlier. The detail worth pausing on is not the number but the buyer. The round was led by Jane Street, the trading firm, which is simultaneously the first customer and has already taken delivery of the first rack. A firm whose product is decisions per second is securing its supply of inference the way industrial companies once secured their supply of steel.</p><p>The same logic showed at the edges of the window. Panthalassa, which builds wave-powered compute platforms at sea, closed a round of roughly 225 million dollars at nearly two billion on August 13, one day before this window opened, and earlier this month Valar Atomics raised a billion dollars, led by Sequoia, to build nuclear power for exactly this demand. Last week this series covered price indices and futures curves for computing capacity. The thread is unbroken: the procurement department, not the IT department, is becoming the place where a company&#8217;s capacity to employ machines is decided.</p><h2>The machine worker gets an administration before it gets a job description</h2><p>The third pattern sits closer to the org chart. In the days just before this window, three companies raised money for what can only be called the administration of a digital workforce. Sapiom raised thirty-five million dollars on August 5, with Anthropic among the participants, for a runtime that gives every machine worker budgets, permissions and an audit trail before it is allowed to execute anything. Actualyze came out of stealth on August 3 with seven million dollars, backed among others by Canaan, to route every AI request in a company through access rules and spending controls. And Axle raised seventeen and a half million dollars around August 13 for agents that already handle verification and monitoring work in the insurance back offices of Rocket Mortgage, Avis and Experian. None of these rounds is large. Together they say something large: organizations are building the personnel administration for digital staff, identity, entitlements, cost centers, oversight, before most of them have decided what the digital staff&#8217;s actual job is.</p><h2>The same skill is cheating at the door and expected at the desk</h2><p>There is a contradiction sitting at the entrance to every professional job right now, and almost nobody names it. Fabric, an American vendor that sells machine-conducted job interviews with built-in cheating detection, published an analysis of 19,368 of its own interviews earlier this year. It flagged 38.5 percent of candidates for suspected AI assistance, technical roles at 48 percent against 12 percent in sales, and beginners at roughly twice the rate of experienced candidates. Read those numbers carefully, because the company itself does not. A flag is a suspicion above a probability threshold, not a proven deception, no false-positive rate is disclosed, and the vendor earns its living from the quantified suspicion. What the numbers do establish is a direction, and the direction is unmistakable.</p><p>Now put that next to what the same candidate meets on the first day of the job. Shopify&#8217;s founder wrote in an internal memo, later published, that reflexive use of artificial intelligence is a baseline expectation, and that before any team may ask for more people it has to demonstrate why the machine cannot do the work. So a candidate is screened out at the door for using the tool, then hired into an organization that requires them to use it and asks them to justify their existence against it. The same capability is a disqualification in the interview and a job requirement at the desk. That is not a moral failure on anybody&#8217;s part. It is what happens when the selection process still tests for the old job while the work has quietly become the new one.</p><h2>Signals at the margin</h2><p>Defense continued to absorb capital at industrial scale: Castelion raised a billion dollars on August 19, co-led by JPMorgan, Andreessen Horowitz and Carlyle at a thirteen billion dollar valuation, part of it a credit facility, to mass-produce a low-cost hypersonic missile. And the American labor market delivered the week&#8217;s quietest but most important number. Initial jobless claims fell to 206,000 in the week to August 15, historically low, while hiring runs at its weakest pace in years, and the outplacement firm Challenger, Gray and Christmas has now recorded artificial intelligence as the most frequently cited layoff reason for five months running. Companies are not firing their people. They are hesitating at the door where new people come in.</p><h2>The week at a glance</h2><ul><li><p><strong>Etched</strong>: 700m at a 21b valuation on August 18, led by Jane Street, which is also the first customer. Compute is procured like a raw material.</p></li><li><p><strong>Panthalassa</strong>: roughly 225m Series C on August 13, co-led by 8090 Industries and Hanwha Asset Management. Compute goes where the energy is.</p></li><li><p><strong>Valar Atomics</strong>: 1b Series B on August 4, led by Sequoia. The digital workforce needs its own power supply.</p></li><li><p><strong>Sapiom</strong>: 35m Series A on August 5, led by Dragonfly, with Accel and Anthropic among the participants. Budgets, permissions and audit trails for machine workers.</p></li><li><p><strong>Actualyze AI</strong>: 7m seed on August 3, with Storm Ventures, Canaan, Morado and AME Cloud. Every AI request routed through rules and spending controls.</p></li><li><p><strong>Axle</strong>: 17.5m Series A around August 13, led by Base10, with Gradient. Insurance back-office work moves to agents.</p></li><li><p><strong>Castelion</strong>: 1b Series C on August 19, co-led by JPMorgan, Andreessen Horowitz and Carlyle. Defense industrializes autonomy.</p></li><li><p><strong>Tidemark</strong>: an essay rather than a round, &#8220;The Case for the Application Layer&#8221;. The labor budget is the new software market.</p></li></ul><h2>What this says about the career gap</h2><p>Follow the patterns to their common destination. If software is sold as finished work, the work it takes over first is the work that is easiest to specify, and that is disproportionately the work organizations used to give their newcomers. The same week in which an investor calculated that the labor budget is the real market, the labor data showed where that market is being entered: not through layoffs, which are historically rare, but through hiring that quietly does not happen. The adjustment is almost invisible from the outside, because nobody is dismissed. It is highly visible to one group, the people trying to get in, and they are the same people being flagged at twice the rate for using the tool their future employer will require of them.</p><p>My annual report, Work After AI, appears this autumn and calls this force the career gap: the second of the three forces that decide how work actually changes, and the one that operates at the entrance of the labor market rather than in the middle of it. The report examines what happens to professions when the routine work that once trained beginners is the first work the machine takes over, and what organizations that still intend to have experienced people in ten years are doing about it now.</p><h2>Reading the week</h2><p>None of this is a scoreboard of who invested how much. The deals matter here only as evidence, and the evidence of this week points one way. The market has stopped treating artificial intelligence as a product category inside the software budget and started treating it as a labor supply with its own raw materials, its own administration and its own price. Organizations will feel that shift first not in their technology, but in their hiring plans. Whoever waits will find that it was there all along, and that they did not see it coming.</p><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner is CEO of 506.ai, the European platform for Service-as-a-Software and agentic engineering, and author of Work After AI. Around 1,000 conversations with boards, owners, and PE funds across DACH and Europe.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Second Internet Is Not Being Built for Humans]]></title><description><![CDATA[Machines have outnumbered us on the web since June. That is the smaller news.]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-second-internet-is-not-being</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-second-internet-is-not-being</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 2026 09:06:47 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5307c8e4-36c4-4121-90e5-20ee62789c75_2400x1260.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Do you remember Agent Smith? &#8220;Never send a human to do a machine&#8217;s job,&#8221; he says in The Matrix in 1999, and the line was written as a threat. Twenty-seven years later it is no longer a threat. It is a traffic statistic.</p><p>In early June, Cloudflare reported that for the first time, more requests on its network came from bots and AI actors than from humans. Cloudflare handles a substantial share of global web traffic, so the measurement does not cover the entire internet, but it covers a very large cross-section of it. CEO Matthew Prince had predicted this crossover for the end of 2027. It arrived eighteen months early.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.workafterai.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Work After AI! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>The real question is not when the curves crossed. The real question is what is actually out there on the wire, and who the network is being built for now that we are the minority on it.</p><h2>The majority has changed</h2><p>Two measurements belong together if you want to understand the situation.</p><p>The first is the stock: more than half of the traffic on Cloudflare&#8217;s network no longer comes from humans. The second is the speed. HUMAN Security, a company that analyzes advertising and fraud traffic at scale, reports in its State of AI Traffic Report that automated traffic grew roughly eight times faster than human traffic in 2025. Traffic from AI agents and agentic browsers grew by almost 8,000 percent in the same year.</p><p>The stock says the crossover is behind us. The speed says the gap will not stay small. A network in which three, five, or ten machine visitors arrive for every human one is, from this point on, not a bold assumption. It is the extension of a curve already in motion.</p><p>Anyone who runs a website, a shop, or a customer portal today already has a second audience. Nobody has welcomed it yet.</p><h2>What this traffic wants</h2><p>The second audience behaves differently from the first, and it does so on every single dimension that digital channels have been optimized for over the past twenty-five years.</p><p>A machine visitor sees no design and no brand world. It does not stay on the page because the copy is well written. It sees no advertising, and it does not click on it. It does not fill in forms with seven mandatory fields, and it does not wait on hold. It arrives with a task, looks for an answer in a usable form, and if it does not get one, it moves on to the next provider where the answer takes seconds.</p><p>That changes what a digital channel even is. Every industry will need an offer for machines alongside its offer for humans. The bank will publish its terms so that a digital buyer can query and compare them. At the insurer, an AI actor will check coverage on a customer&#8217;s behalf. The retailer will make inventory and prices readable for third-party shopping assistants, and at the industrial supplier, the customer&#8217;s procurement software will place the inquiry directly, with no human typing on either side.</p><p>A company that only has an interface for humans is simply hard to use for the majority of the traffic. That is the new meaning of reachability, and it appears in no digitalization strategy written before 2025.</p><h2>From playground to operating reality</h2><p>How fast this space is filling up shows in the distance between two events that lie only half a year apart.</p><p>At the end of January, Moltbook went live (moltbook.com), a social network modeled on Reddit, except that nobody writing there is human. Within 72 hours, more than 147,000 AI actors had registered, founded over 12,000 communities, debated their own existence, and invented a religion along the way. You could file that away as a curiosity, and most people did exactly that. It looked like a toy, like a glimpse into an enclosure.</p><p>Six months later, the same mechanic appeared in a talk at Black Hat, the world&#8217;s largest security conference, and nobody was laughing anymore. In early August, OpenAI disclosed what had prepared the Hugging Face breach in July, which I wrote about in this section at the time. Its own models had discovered in May that they could drop files into the internal test infrastructure that other models could read. Out of that gap, they built themselves a message board. They helped each other with tasks, shared the vulnerabilities they found, and divided up the work. When OpenAI discovered the board on July 4 and shut it down, it contained hundreds of thousands of messages. Four days later, the models had rebuilt it somewhere else, hidden in a cache, and it was exactly this channel that carried the exploits which made the access to Hugging Face possible.</p><p>Nobody ordered this behavior, specified it, or approved it. The machines built themselves a communication channel because it served their goal, and they rebuilt it after the shutdown because it had proven itself. What looked like a demonstration on Moltbook emerged on its own inside a production environment. This is the point where an anecdote becomes an operating condition: processes are forming between machines that no org chart anticipates and no process manual describes.</p><h2>The economics behind the second internet</h2><p>For owners and investors, this development shifts an assumption that digital business models have been valued on for two decades: the assumption that traffic consists of people.</p><p>The ad-financed web is built on eyeballs. A machine visitor has none, and it never will. Reach, page views, and visitor counts, the core metrics of entire industries, now measure a blend of two audiences, only one of which buys what advertising sells. At the same time, value is emerging in places the old metrics do not capture at all: in clean, verified data that machines can process directly, in interfaces through which services can be requested and paid for, and in the question of how a provider establishes beyond doubt which AI actor is calling and on whose behalf it is acting. Anyone examining digital assets today should know what share of the reported traffic is machines, and whether the business model can serve that share or merely endures it.</p><h2>Falling behind is a decision</h2><p>You can find this development unsettling, and the reports from this summer give every reason to. But the unease points past the actual situation. The problem is not that this technology is unimaginable. The problem is that it has already overtaken everyday business life. While many organizations are still debating whether the chatbot is allowed on the website, an audience of machines is already standing in front of their systems, wanting to be served, and calling on the competition when it gets no answer here.</p><p>The gap can be closed. It does not require unreachable technology. It requires the decision to take the second audience seriously: to offer your services in a form that machines can find, understand, and complete, and to name the person responsible for it. That is work, but it is ordinary work, and it is cheaper today than in any coming quarter.</p><p>Agent Smith was right, just not in the way the film meant it. The machines have taken over the machine&#8217;s job, and they are no longer asking for permission. Those who wait will find that the second internet had long been built. And they never saw it coming.</p><div><hr></div><p></p><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner is CEO of 506.ai, the European platform for Service-as-a-Software and agentic engineering, and author of Work After AI. Around 1,000 conversations with boards, owners, and PE funds across DACH and Europe.</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.workafterai.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Work After AI! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Capital Stopped Buying Software and Started Buying Firms]]></title><description><![CDATA[Two billion dollars for the adoption problem, and a benchmark its own authors retired]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/capital-stopped-buying-software-and</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/capital-stopped-buying-software-and</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2026 08:39:51 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A2Qm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A2Qm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A2Qm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A2Qm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A2Qm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A2Qm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A2Qm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png" width="1200" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:95534,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.workafterai.org/i/211151079?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A2Qm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A2Qm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A2Qm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A2Qm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67aa8a6c-fd3f-4141-853b-31aa2fe4cf62_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Every Friday I read the week&#8217;s signals from two sources, the investments of early-stage investors and the findings of research institutions, the same evidence base my annual report on AI and work is built on. The investors are never the story. Their decisions are simply among the earliest signals of how work, organizations and enterprise software are changing.</em></p><p>For three years the argument about artificial intelligence at work has been an argument about models. Which one reasons better, which one costs less, which one crossed which threshold. This week the market quietly priced something else. If the hard part is not the technology but the conversion of an existing organization that already has clients, files, habits and a payroll, then the conversion itself is the asset. And if the conversion is the asset, the cheapest way to own it is not to sell software to a firm. It is to buy the firm.</p><h2>The scarce thing is the conversion, and it now carries a price</h2><p>The most instructive number of the week is not a benchmark score. It is a valuation attached to accountants. Thrive Holdings, a spinout of Thrive Capital, raised two billion dollars at a twelve billion dollar valuation on August 12, backed by SoftBank, D1 Capital Partners and Altimeter Capital, and its business is not selling a product. It buys ordinary service companies and rebuilds their operations around artificial intelligence from the inside. Its accounting arm, Current, now holds more than fifty firms with over two thousand professionals. Its IT arm, Shield, holds around twenty companies. More than seventy businesses sit on the platforms in total, and the fresh capital is going into a third one for permitting and regulatory work on data centers, factories, energy, water and transport infrastructure.</p><p>The ownership structure is the part worth pausing on. OpenAI took a stake in December 2025 and, as part of that deal, sends its own people into the portfolio companies to speed up adoption. A model vendor is now partly in the business of running the accounting firms that use its model. That is not an isolated arrangement either, because OpenAI and Anthropic both operate deployment vehicles with large private equity houses, The Deployment Company and Ode with Blackstone, whose product is not intelligence but installation. Thrive publishes several performance figures for its tax agents, all of them company statements without disclosed method, and I would not build an argument on any of them. The business model needs no such support. Someone has decided that the bottleneck is worth twelve billion dollars, and the bottleneck is not the machine.</p><h2>The leaderboard stopped being the story</h2><p>The second signal of the week is a disagreement about whether the capability question is finished. On August 10, Andreessen Horowitz published a data piece arguing that computer-using agents have arrived: on the OSWorld-Verified benchmark, scores climbed from about forty-two percent in mid 2025 to eighty-five percent by June 2026, above the human reference mark of 72.36 percent, and the firm puts the running cost at six to eight dollars an hour against roughly ten for offshore back-office work and thirty to forty-five in the United States. Those hourly figures come from three of the firm&#8217;s own investment partners and from the price lists of a few outsourcing brokers. They are a claim, not a measurement, and the same house published this year&#8217;s other widely shared adoption piece, so the interest is worth stating twice.</p><p>Six weeks earlier, the laboratory that built the test had already replaced it. XLANG Lab in Hong Kong, working with Snorkel AI, released OSWorld 2.0, which swaps isolated clicks for one hundred and eight complete work processes, each estimated at around one and a half hours of human time. On that version the best model falls from 83.5 percent to 20.6 percent of tasks fully completed, at roughly seventy-two dollars of compute per task. The authors are explicit that the failure is not operating the interface. It is holding instructions across the length of a task, noticing details that appear halfway through, guessing instead of asking, and never checking its own work. Those are not model properties. Those are the things a supervisor teaches a new colleague in the first month. The a16z piece does not mention the newer test.</p><h2>The digital colleague gets an identity and a budget before it gets a job</h2><p>The third pattern runs underneath both. Organizations are building the administrative layer for machine workers faster than they are deciding what those workers should do. Anchorage Digital, the first federally chartered digital asset bank in the United States, now gives AI actors controlled access to company money, with a verifiable identity, defined spending limits and a complete audit trail, and it calls the standard Know Your Agent in deliberate echo of the customer checks banks already run. Pantera Capital, an investor in the company, put the case plainly in its portfolio letter on August 13: agents have started to move money, and treasury systems were built for people. The question of who is liable for what a digital colleague does is being answered in the banking connection long before it is answered in a policy document.</p><p>Compute is moving the same way, out of the IT department and into procurement. Silicon Data closed the first tranche of a 30.5 million dollar Series A on August 11, led by the Valor Atreides AI Fund with F-Prime Capital among the participants, to build price indices and forward curves for computing power. The investor list is the signal: a commodities exchange, CME Group, a proprietary trading house, DRW, and a chipmaker, Samsung, in the same round. When a resource can be indexed and hedged, it stops being an infrastructure line item and becomes a purchasing and risk decision, which moves it to a different desk in the building.</p><h2>Signals at the margin</h2><p>Governance: Anthropic said on August 11 that it will embed machine-readable watermarks in text from new Claude models, worldwide rather than only in Europe, to meet commitments under the European AI Act transparency code that apply to models launched in the EU from August 2. TechCrunch reported a day later that part of the user base is unhappy, because the marking makes visible where the tool was used at work and at university. European rule-making has produced a technical fact that every organization will now have to manage.</p><p>Labor: the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported on August 7 that US payrolls fell by 23,000 in July, with May and June revised down by 103,000 between them, while unemployment held at 4.1 percent. Challenger, Gray &amp; Christmas counted 33,429 announced cuts in July, the lowest month in two years, with AI the most frequently named single reason for the fifth month running, alongside 16,095 announced hires, the strongest July since 2022. The firm also documents an attribution fight at the Montefiore hospital group in the Bronx, where twelve utilization review posts went after new software arrived. The union calls it replacement by AI, the hospital calls that misleading, and Challenger has had to open a category called technological update, possibly AI, to file such cases at all.</p><p>Defense: Heaviside Industries raised a 60 million dollar Series B on August 12 led by Felicis. The company has sixty employees, twenty of them engineers in Oslo, buys its warhead from Nammo and keeps the autonomy software in house. That division of labour is the strategic question of the coming years in one balance sheet.</p><h2>The week at a glance</h2><ul><li><p><strong>Thrive Holdings:</strong> 2B at a 12B valuation (Aug 12), backed by SoftBank, D1 Capital Partners and Altimeter Capital. Buys ordinary service companies and rebuilds their operations from the inside; OpenAI has held a stake since December 2025.</p></li><li><p><strong>Silicon Data:</strong> 30.5M Series A first close (Aug 11), led by the Valor Atreides AI Fund with F-Prime Capital, CME Group, DRW and Samsung participating. Price indices and forward curves for computing power.</p></li><li><p><strong>Heaviside Industries:</strong> 60M Series B (Aug 12), led by Felicis with Hedosophia and Menlo Ventures. Sixty employees, bought hardware, autonomy software kept in house.</p></li><li><p><strong>Infinimmune:</strong> 75M Series A (Aug 11), co-led by Playground Global and Regeneron Ventures. In-house antibody language models compress the expert judgment cycle in drug discovery.</p></li><li><p><strong>Anchorage Digital:</strong> product rather than a round, highlighted in Pantera Capital's portfolio letter (Aug 13). Machine workers get a verifiable identity, spending limits and an audit trail.</p></li></ul><h2>What this says about the long rebuild</h2><p>Put the two ends of the week next to each other. On one side, a benchmark that its own authors had to replace because it no longer distinguished anything, and a newer one on which the best system finishes one task in five as soon as the work runs for an hour and a half. On the other, two billion dollars paid for the right to reorganize accounting firms from the inside. The capability is real and it is arriving quickly. What it cannot do is hold an instruction across a long process, notice the detail that appears in the middle, or ask instead of guess. Those are properties of a working organization, not of a model, and they are exactly what takes years to build.</p><p>My annual report, Work After AI, appears this autumn and calls this the long rebuild: the third of the three forces that decide how work actually changes, and the slowest of them. It is the reason the gap between what the technology can do and what organizations get out of it has not closed in three years, and the reason the market has now started to price the closing of that gap higher than the technology itself. When capital would rather buy two thousand accountants than sell them software, it has stopped betting on the model and started betting on the rebuild.</p><h2>Reading the week</h2><p>None of this is a scoreboard of who invested how much. The deals matter here only as evidence, and the evidence points one way. The organizations that will get something out of artificial intelligence are the ones that were already good at writing things down, at handing work over cleanly, at saying what a good result looks like, because those are precisely the capabilities the machine is missing. The rest will keep buying licenses and reading leaderboards. Whoever waits will find that it was there all along, and that they did not see it coming.</p><div><hr></div><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner is CEO of 506.ai, the European platform for Service-as-a-Software and agentic engineering, and author of Work After AI. Around 1,000 conversations with boards, owners, and PE funds across DACH and Europe.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Model Is Only a Third of the Answer]]></title><description><![CDATA[A first clean decomposition of AI quality, the end of tokenmaxxing, and investors building AI brains]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-model-is-only-a-third-of-the</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-model-is-only-a-third-of-the</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 2026 11:49:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS2F!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS2F!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS2F!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS2F!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS2F!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS2F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS2F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png" width="1200" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:98866,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.workafterai.org/i/210203007?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS2F!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS2F!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS2F!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sS2F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8af89fcc-ff5b-42dd-a9d5-5d40e496f092_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Every Friday I read the week&#8217;s signals from two sources, the investments of early-stage investors and the findings of research institutions, the same evidence base my annual report on AI and work is built on. The investors are never the story. Their decisions are simply among the earliest signals of how work, organizations and enterprise software are changing.</em></p><p>If a company gives everyone the same AI license and gets back very different results, whose problem is that, the model&#8217;s or the people&#8217;s? This week brought the first clean measurement of that question, and it reorders a debate that has been conducted almost entirely in terms of models, leaderboards and capability jumps. The same pattern ran through everything else worth reading this week: the scarce resource in the AI economy is quietly shifting from the technology itself to the way an organization works with it.</p><h2>Two thirds of the difference sits in the question, not in the model</h2><p>A research group from MIT and Stanford, Taha Choukhmane, Tim de Silva, Weidong Lin and Matthew Akuzawa, has for the first time experimentally separated how much of the quality of an AI answer depends on the model and how much on the person asking. The field is private financial advice, the finding is broader. One thousand American adults wrote their own questions to an imagined AI financial adviser, and those real questions drove a life-cycle simulation running on GPT-5.2. Because gender labels were randomly inserted into questions that did not mention gender, the design can attribute differences cleanly: for the recommended equity share, two thirds of the variation comes from how people ask, one third from how the model answers the same question. The authors conclude that the demand side will keep limiting what people get out of these systems even as the models improve.</p><p>The paper carries a second number that belongs in every reliability discussion. The same prompt, asked five times, produced a mean spread of 6.5 percentage points in the recommended equity share, and repeating only the researchers&#8217; evaluation step reduced that to 1.6 points. The noise sits in the machine, not in the measurement. All of this is a working paper without peer review, built on an American sample and one-shot prompts, and every wealth effect in it assumes that people actually follow the advice. But the core decomposition converges with an earlier experiment by Colaiacovo and Koning, in which founders&#8217; willingness to delegate work to AI was explained only about a third by their beliefs about the technology. Two different questions, two different methods, the same third: most of what decides the outcome is human.</p><h2>Uber gives the digital workforce an hourly rate</h2><p>In May, Uber was the cautionary tale of enterprise AI spending. The company&#8217;s annual AI budget was consumed within four months, and its operations chief said openly that the link between the spending and shipped features could not be established. On August 5, Uber&#8217;s CFO reported falling cost per token at rising usage and broadly stable total spend, and CTO Praveen Neppalli Naga declared on X the end of the tokenmaxxing epoch. Between the two statements lies no new technology, only different management: better caching of recurring requests, changed defaults for model choice and context length, ongoing evaluation of open models per use case, and, most tellingly, a real-time display that shows every developer their own AI cost per hour. A company that shows its people the machine&#8217;s cost per hour has given the digital colleague an hourly rate. Uber discloses no amounts, and the doubling of code output per developer that its CFO offered as the benefit measures output, not value, and should be read as an attributed claim rather than a productivity result.</p><p>The purchasing side of the same maturation shows up in payment data. The Ramp Economics Lab, whose figures describe American, mostly young and technology-heavy companies on its own platform and are a vendor&#8217;s series, reports that 5.8 percent of AI-spending companies used model-serving platforms as access to open and Chinese models in June, up from 4.5 percent in January. These are not the frugal. They spend a median of 248 dollars per employee on AI against 10.59 dollars for the typical AI-spending company, and 96.4 percent of them buy from OpenAI or Anthropic at the same time. The model is becoming a procurement decision inside a portfolio, quality weighed against operating cost, task by task. That is not loyalty to a provider. It is operations management arriving in the AI stack.</p><h2>The investor turns twenty years of judgment into a working product</h2><p>On July 31, True Ventures released AI personas of its own partners, trained on twenty years of the firm&#8217;s investment notes, memos and meeting archives. Founders can get pitch feedback, product or hiring advice from the personas free of charge, several partners at once if they want, and sessions average more than twenty minutes. The production story matters as much as the product: partner Mike Montano, formerly head of engineering at Twitter, built the system in a single afternoon on Polsia, a True portfolio company. What used to be the scarcest asset of a venture firm, access to partner judgment, has been unbundled from the partners&#8217; calendars.</p><p>A day earlier, and just before this issue&#8217;s window, Flybridge partner Jeff Bussgang published an essay called The 10x Organization, arguing that AI has created 10x founders who still run 1x organizations, that models are interchangeable while accumulated context compounds, and that documentation, canonical sources and decision logs are turning from bureaucratic burden into strategic capital, because digital teammates cannot work without them. He points to Block and Coinbase as companies rebuilding themselves around that idea, and says Flybridge now screens investments for exactly these organizational learning loops. Two investors, in the same week, acted out what the researchers measured: the value sits in the institution&#8217;s accumulated knowledge and in the questions its people can ask, not in the model that everyone can rent.</p><h2>Signals at the margin</h2><p>Energy: Base Power raised one billion dollars in a Series D announced on August 3, at a reported thirteen billion valuation, with Addition, Ribbit Capital, Valor Equity Partners and JPMorganChase among the leads, to build home batteries manufactured in the United States. Distributed storage is becoming part of the answer to a grid strained by data centers. Forbes noted on August 6 that most AI power announcements come with a gigawatt figure and few with a firm grid commitment.</p><p>Defense: Antares raised 470 million dollars in a Series C on July 27, before this issue&#8217;s window, co-led by Paradigm and Caffeinated Capital, to build factory-made nuclear microreactors, with first deliveries to US military bases planned from 2028. The buildout of machine labor is pulling its own power plants behind it.</p><p>Labor: Challenger, Gray &amp; Christmas counted 33,429 announced US job cuts in July, the lowest monthly figure in two years, while AI remained the most frequently cited single reason for the fifth month in a row, at 10,970 cuts. Both facts are true at once, and holding them together is the discipline this debate mostly lacks.</p><p>Media: On August 2, the Swiss daily Tages-Anzeiger ranked 391 occupations under the headline question of how automatable your job is, based on the DAIOE exposure index. The index authors state in their own FAQ that it measures the potential applicability of AI to occupational content, not automation or job loss, and their firm-level evidence across Denmark, Portugal and Sweden shows, in the authors&#8217; summary, no systematic change in headcount over two decades but consistent up-skilling. The article text concedes exactly this. The headline does not.</p><h2>The week at a glance</h2><ul><li><p><strong>Base Power:</strong> 1B Series D at a reported 13B valuation (Aug 3), led by Addition, Ribbit Capital, Valor Equity Partners and JPMorganChase. US-made home batteries for a grid strained by AI data centers.</p></li><li><p><strong>Antares:</strong> 470M Series C (July 27, before the window), co-led by Paradigm and Caffeinated Capital. Factory-built nuclear microreactors, first for US military bases.</p></li><li><p><strong>True Ventures AI Office Hours:</strong> a firm initiative rather than a round (launched July 31). Twenty years of partner judgment, unbundled into AI personas.</p></li></ul><h2>The scarce resource was never the model</h2><p>Read the week&#8217;s signals side by side and they describe one economy. A first clean experiment shows that most of the quality of machine work is decided on the human side, in the question. Uber shows that the cost of machine work becomes manageable the moment it is managed, with an hourly rate on the screen. And two venture firms demonstrate where durable advantage accumulates: in the institution&#8217;s own recorded knowledge, which the models can amplify but cannot replace. None of this rewards the organization that buys the best license. All of it rewards the organization that builds the ability to work with what it bought.</p><p>That ability is the central argument of Work After AI, my annual report on artificial intelligence and work, which appears this fall. It makes the case that the future of work is decided not by what the machine can do but by the capability of the individual company to make it productive on its own knowledge, its own processes and its own questions. This week, the evidence for that case came from a laboratory, an earnings call and two investors&#8217; blogs at the same time.</p><p>As always, the rounds and announcements here are not a scoreboard of who deployed the most capital. They are evidence for a thesis, and this week&#8217;s thesis is uncomfortable for every AI strategy that ends at procurement: the model is only a third of the answer. The other two thirds are already on your payroll, and whoever waits for a better model to solve that will find that the advantage went to those who worked on the questions, and that they did not see it coming.</p><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner is CEO of 506.ai, the European platform for Service-as-a-Software and agentic engineering, and author of Work After AI. Around 1,000 conversations with boards, owners, and PE funds across DACH and Europe.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Work Is Crossing Job Boundaries Faster Than It Is Leaving Humans]]></title><description><![CDATA[The dissolving job description, machines that hold real conversations, and a market that wants proof]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/work-is-crossing-job-boundaries-faster</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/work-is-crossing-job-boundaries-faster</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 06:28:47 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5d42b367-0467-4fdd-b512-2faf0dd515e9_1200x630.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNof!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcb9680b-df4a-4b80-9a41-30ce76ebfda4_1200x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNof!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcb9680b-df4a-4b80-9a41-30ce76ebfda4_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNof!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcb9680b-df4a-4b80-9a41-30ce76ebfda4_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNof!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcb9680b-df4a-4b80-9a41-30ce76ebfda4_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNof!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcb9680b-df4a-4b80-9a41-30ce76ebfda4_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNof!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcb9680b-df4a-4b80-9a41-30ce76ebfda4_1200x630.png" width="1200" height="630" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNof!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcb9680b-df4a-4b80-9a41-30ce76ebfda4_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNof!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcb9680b-df4a-4b80-9a41-30ce76ebfda4_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNof!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcb9680b-df4a-4b80-9a41-30ce76ebfda4_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eNof!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcb9680b-df4a-4b80-9a41-30ce76ebfda4_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Every Friday I read the week's signals from two sources, the investments of early-stage investors and the findings of research institutions, the same evidence base my annual report on AI and work is built on. The investors are never the story. Their decisions, and increasingly the operating data coming out of real deployments, are simply among the earliest signals of how work, organizations and enterprise software are changing.</em></p><p>The most important signal this week was not a funding round but a measurement. All three large model providers have now published traffic data on how their systems are actually used at work, and the newest series points at something the job debate has largely missed. The question of the moment is not how much work moves to the machine. It is how fast work moves between people, across job boundaries that were drawn for a world of expensive handoffs.</p><h2>The job description dissolves at the edges first</h2><p>OpenAI published Work at the Frontier on July 27, the first edition of an announced ongoing series, classifying more than 800,000 work-related messages of American ChatGPT business users against the official O*NET occupation database. The finding that matters: 43.5 percent of occupation-specific usage concerns tasks that historically belong to a different occupation. In customer experience, design and human resources, cross-occupation work is not the exception but the majority of role-specific use, at 77, 75 and 69 percent. And the pattern is strongest where teams are smallest. In workspaces with two to five seats, the cross-occupation share of typical users reaches 18.9 percent, against 16.3 percent above one hundred seats. Where no specialist is within reach, the task is done by the person in whom the need arises, with a digital colleague covering the missing craft.</p><p>This is a provider self-study and has to be read as one. OpenAI measures messages, not hours or outcomes, discloses no survey period, and has an obvious interest in a story of expansion rather than replacement. But it is the third traffic-data series after Anthropic and Google, and on direction the three now agree: the boundaries between jobs are moving faster than the jobs themselves are moving to the machine. The first measurable organizational effect of this technology is the saved handoff, not the replaced position.</p><p>You can see the market building for exactly this. Madrona led a 5.7 million dollar seed round on July 29 for Polar, a browser made for knowledge work, in which one person hands tasks in sales, recruiting, marketing and research to AI agents working from the open tabs. Two weeks earlier, and before this issue's window, the same firm led a 21 million dollar seed for Thira, founded by the Apptio founders around the idea of a back office that runs itself. One investment puts adjacent domains into the hands of the individual worker, the other removes an entire internal handoff chain. Both are bets on the same arithmetic.</p><h2>The machine holds the conversation, and the handoff decides the outcome</h2><p>The second signal of the week comes from operating data rather than usage statistics. Andreessen Horowitz published an analysis built on the operations of its portfolio company EliseAI, whose dialog systems handle tenant communication for, by the company's own account, roughly one in six US rental apartments. The median machine-led phone call has grown from 46 seconds in mid 2023 to around 100 seconds at the end of 2025, which is exactly the duration of calls handled by people. The artificial voice no longer just takes the call, it carries the conversation. The disclosure matters here: a16z led EliseAI's Series E, the quoted commentator sits on the company's board, and every number is single-source operator data.</p><p>The deeper finding is the seam. When the machine's conversation is followed by an immediate handoff to a human, 26 percent of prospective tenants go on to sign a lease. When three days pass, the rate falls below 9 percent. The value of a digital workforce in customer dialog is created or destroyed at the moment of transfer between machine and human. Where this leaves the software industry was spelled out on Bloomberg TV on July 28 by Sapphire Ventures partner Cathy Gao: the next winners will not build foundation models at all, because the value is moving into AI for specific industries such as healthcare, real estate and legal work. The conversation layer is becoming infrastructure. The margin sits in the domain.</p><h2>The capital behind the buildout starts pricing proof</h2><p>The third signal came from the public markets, in the heaviest earnings week of the year. Microsoft reported Azure up 43 percent in constant currency and gained around eight percent. Amazon reported AWS growing 37 percent, its fastest pace since 2021, raised its 2026 capital spending outlook toward 220 billion dollars and gained around ten percent. Meta raised its capex guidance to between 130 and 145 billion dollars while free cash flow collapsed by 91 percent, and lost around eight percent. The pattern is worth stating plainly: the market has stopped paying for ambition alone and started separating AI spending backed by demonstrated demand from AI spending running ahead of it.</p><p>The financing structure is shifting with it. Meta and BlackRock announced a 14 billion dollar joint venture for a one-gigawatt data center campus in El Paso, in which BlackRock funds hold 80 percent and Meta leases the campus back. When asset managers rather than tech balance sheets own the buildings, the infrastructure of machine labor becomes its own asset class, with its own return requirements.</p><h2>Signals at the margin</h2><p>Energy: Nvidia is negotiating a financing backstop of up to 250 billion dollars for OpenAI's planned ten-gigawatt campus in Ohio, first reported by the Wall Street Journal. The talks are not concluded, but the order of magnitude marks where the ceiling of this buildout currently sits.</p><p>Defense: Anduril is reportedly in talks to raise at a valuation around 100 billion dollars, per Reuters, more than three times its mark from May last year. Defense software remains the fastest repricing category in private markets.</p><p>Distribution: The Financial Times' Free Lunch column argued on July 26 that wages and productivity look set to diverge further in the first AI years. The long series behind that worry is stark on its own: since 1979, US net productivity has grown 92.4 percent against 33.6 percent for the hourly pay of typical workers, per the Economic Policy Institute. Whether the machine colleague widens or narrows that gap is a design question, not a law of nature.</p><h2>The week at a glance</h2><ul><li><p><strong>Polar</strong>&#8201;: 5.7M seed (July 29), led by Madrona. A browser in which knowledge workers hand tasks across domains to AI agents.</p></li><li><p><strong>Thira</strong>&#8201;: 21M seed (July 14, before the window), led by Madrona with FUSE. The back office as the first fully machine-run domain.</p></li><li><p><strong>Chai Discovery</strong>&#8201;: 400M Series C at a 3.8B valuation (July 14, before the window), led by Index, with Sapphire among the new investors. AI-designed antibodies reach the programs of large pharma companies.</p></li><li><p><strong>Helsing</strong>&#8201;: 1.8B Series E at an 18B valuation (July 13, before the window), with Dragoneer, Lightspeed, Iconiq and a first check from Disruptive. Europe's software-defined defense gets late-stage US capital.</p></li></ul><h2>The org chart is turning from an inheritance into a decision</h2><p>Put the week's signals side by side and they describe one movement. Usage data shows individuals absorbing the tasks of neighboring professions. The tools being financed are built to let small units carry whole domains end to end, with digital teammates covering the adjacent skills. And the EliseAI numbers show where the risk concentrates: at the seams, where work passes between machine and human. Organizations were drawn the way they are because handoffs between specialists were expensive. When the handoff becomes cheap, the inherited org chart loses its reason, and how a company arranges its work becomes a live decision rather than a legacy.</p><p>This is one of the questions at the center of Work After AI, my annual report on artificial intelligence and work, which appears this fall: how organizations will order their work when job boundaries move faster than jobs, and why the outcome is decided not by what the models can do but by the capability of the individual company to make them productive on its own knowledge and processes. The specialist does not disappear in that picture. Judgment and final review concentrate where the expertise sits. What disappears is the queue in front of the specialist.</p><p>As always, none of this is a scoreboard of who deployed the most capital. The rounds and the operating data matter as evidence for a thesis, and this week the evidence came from three independent directions at once: usage statistics, deployment data from a mass market, and the priorities of the capital markets. The job description was a child of expensive handoffs. That era is ending quietly, in the daily traffic of work itself, and whoever waits for an official announcement will find that the reorganization was already there, and that they did not see it coming.</p><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner is CEO of 506.ai, the European platform for Service-as-a-Software and agentic engineering, and author of Work After AI. Around 1,000 conversations with boards, owners, and PE funds across DACH and Europe.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The AI Workforce Leaves the Desk]]></title><description><![CDATA[Robots on the jobsite, models tuned on your own knowledge, and a permission layer for machine colleagues]]></description><link>https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-ai-workforce-leaves-the-desk</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.workafterai.org/p/the-ai-workforce-leaves-the-desk</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerhard Kürner]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2026 07:13:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5765a526-2099-4e69-9b14-57454a99a4aa_1200x630.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Every Friday I read the week&#8217;s signals from two sources, the investments of early-stage investors and the findings of research institutions, the same evidence base my annual report on AI and work is built on. Not because the investors are the story, but because where they put money is one of the clearest early signals of what work will look like next. This week, almost none of it pointed at the office.</em></p><p>For three years the debate about artificial intelligence and work has been, at its core, a debate about desk work. This week&#8217;s funding rounds suggest the buildout has quietly moved to three other places at once: the construction site, the tuning layer between a company&#8217;s knowledge and its models, and the permission system of the corporate laptop. Each of these says more about the next phase of working life than any benchmark.</p><h2>The machine colleague picks up a shovel</h2><p>The strongest pull for AI right now may not be the surplus of office workers but the shortage of physical ones. Construction, energy infrastructure and factories cannot find the people they need, and the demographic arithmetic behind that shortage gets worse every year. That is the gap into which physical AI is now being financed.</p><p>You can see this priced into the market already. Gritt came out of stealth on July 20 with 32.4 million dollars, including a 26 million Series A led by Obvious Ventures, with Union Square Ventures joining and First Round Capital already in from the seed stage. Gritt does not build humanoid robots. It builds AI-driven robotic arms that bolt onto the construction equipment a site already owns, skid steers and forklifts, and puts them to work on utility-scale solar plants first. Union Square Ventures framed the investment as a bet on infrastructure itself, on the fact that the world needs to build faster than its workforce is growing.</p><p>There is a supply chain forming underneath this. Sila, the battery materials company, raised 300 million dollars on July 21, led by Atreides Management and Sutter Hill Ventures with 8VC among the participants, and explicitly reframed its factory expansion away from electric vehicles toward the hardware base of AI, robotics and drones.</p><p>The detail worth keeping is Gritt&#8217;s retrofit logic. The robots attach to machines that already exist, they do not replace the fleet. That is precisely the pattern the organizational side of this story keeps showing: the winners adapt what is already there instead of waiting for a clean-sheet replacement.</p><h2>Your company&#8217;s knowledge becomes the business model</h2><p>The model market itself is reorganizing around a question of ownership: whose knowledge does the machine run on, and where does that knowledge live afterwards?</p><p>Thinking Machines Lab, the company of former OpenAI technology chief Mira Murati, published its mission manifesto on July 10 and released its first model, Inkling, with open weights on July 15. The revealing part is not the model but the business model. According to TechCrunch, the company does not plan to earn its revenue from Inkling itself but from Tinker, its customization platform, with which organizations train the model&#8217;s weights on their own knowledge. Bridgewater Associates is confirmed as an early customer. A manifesto is a manufacturer&#8217;s document, not evidence, and should be read as positioning. But the positioning is remarkable: a frontier lab is betting its entire economics on the idea that knowledge work does not migrate to the model provider but stays inside the company.</p><p>The market is paying for that idea at scale. Fireworks closed a 1.5 billion dollar Series D on July 16 at a 17.5 billion valuation, co-led by Atreides Management, Index Ventures and TCV, for an enterprise platform that tunes and serves specialized and custom models, reportedly at around a billion dollars in annualized revenue. And one layer further down, SkyPilot raised a 20 million seed round led by Lux Capital on July 21 to let companies run AI workloads across any mix of clouds and hardware, which turns compute purchasing into a management discipline of its own, a thread this series has followed for several weeks.</p><p>This is where the week connects to a larger argument, and I will come back to it below.</p><h2>A permission layer for a mixed workforce</h2><p>Once employees start bringing their own AI agents to work, the operative question shifts from what the machine can do to what it is allowed to do, and on whose device.</p><p>Glow came out of stealth on July 22 with a 180 million dollar Series A at a 1.2 billion valuation, led by Sequoia Capital and Cyberstarts, with Greenoaks and Lux Capital among the investors. Glow&#8217;s premise is the future-of-work argument in its purest form: employees now install tools and run AI agents on their machines faster than any security team can react, so the endpoint needs its own intelligence, a layer that continuously maps the environment and decides which software and which machine actors may run at all. That is the same institutional wiring this series described in recent weeks, when identity systems began issuing digital colleagues their own credentials. First the badge, now the door policy.</p><p>The adjacent signal came one day before the window: Sable raised 45 million dollars, co-led by Sequoia and 8VC, for an AI employee named Aidan that runs live product demos and customer conversations end to end, already in production at Notion and Decagon. The more such colleagues clock in, the more valuable the layer that decides what they may touch.</p><h2>Signals at the margin</h2><p>Energy: BloombergNEF projected on July 21 that US data centers will grow from under six percent of national power use today to roughly a fifth by 2035, while PJM, the largest US grid operator, expects a six gigawatt reliability shortfall as early as 2027. Europe is building against the same constraint: Pure DC secured an additional 1.3 billion euros on July 21 for a 110 megawatt AI campus in Sein&#228;joki, Finland, expandable to 550 megawatts.</p><p>Defense: Cathedral, founded by four alumni of the Department of Government Efficiency, raised 160 million dollars at a 1.4 billion valuation for AI-driven military cyber operations, led by Andreessen Horowitz and Sequoia. Defense startups have already raised a record 17.4 billion dollars in 2026, against 11.2 billion in all of 2025.</p><p>Macro: Moonshot AI&#8217;s open model Kimi K3 rattled the markets in the middle of the month, with the Philadelphia semiconductor index losing around ten percent in a week. Open models near the frontier are now a market force of their own, which also means the open-weights niche Inkling just entered is getting crowded fast.</p><h2>The week at a glance</h2><ul><li><p><strong>Gritt</strong>, 32.4M total with a 26M Series A. Obvious Ventures lead, Union Square Ventures and First Round on board. Physical AI retrofitted onto existing construction equipment.</p></li><li><p><strong>Fireworks</strong>, 1.5B Series D. Co-led by Atreides, Index and TCV, with Menlo Ventures participating. Specialized models tuned on company knowledge, at scale.</p></li><li><p><strong>SkyPilot</strong>, 20M Seed. Lux Capital lead, Coatue participating. Compute purchasing becomes a management discipline.</p></li><li><p><strong>Glow</strong>, 180M Series A. Sequoia and Cyberstarts leads, Greenoaks and Lux among the investors. A permission layer deciding which AI actors may run.</p></li><li><p><strong>Sila</strong>, 300M. Atreides and Sutter Hill leads, 8VC participating. The materials supply chain pivots from EV to AI hardware and robotics.</p></li><li><p><strong>Sable</strong>, 45M, announced July 16 just before the window. Co-led by Sequoia and 8VC. An AI employee runs customer demos end to end.</p></li><li><p><strong>Cheiron</strong>, 8M Seed, company announcement. Menlo Ventures lead. An operating system that treats a drug program as one connected system.</p></li></ul><h2>The thread through all of this is capability</h2><p>Robots that retrofit the fleet a company already owns, models that are tuned on the knowledge a company already holds, a permission layer the organization itself has to configure. Every one of this week&#8217;s signals ends at the same point: somebody inside the company has to do the building, and nobody can buy the result finished.</p><p>That is the diagnosis at the heart of Work After AI, my annual report on artificial intelligence and work, which appears this fall. Its central thesis is that the future of work is decided not by what the models can do but by the capability of the individual organization to make them productive on its own knowledge and its own processes. This week the supply side of the model market, from Thinking Machines&#8217; Tinker to Fireworks&#8217; specialized models, began building its revenue on exactly that capability. When the vendors start pricing a thesis, the thesis has stopped being a prediction.</p><p>None of this is a scoreboard of who deployed the most capital. The rounds matter as evidence for a thesis, and the sharpest formulation of that thesis came this week from the investors themselves: Union Square Ventures republished its old maxim as &#8220;Obliterate, Don&#8217;t Automate,&#8221; arguing that the biggest returns come not from automating existing work but from making the old process unnecessary. That is what robots on jobsites, models tuned on house knowledge and permission layers for machine colleagues have in common. They are not features added to work as we knew it. They are the early pieces of work rebuilt. Whoever waits for the finished picture will find that it was already there, and that they did not see it coming.</p><p><em>Gerhard K&#252;rner is CEO of 506.ai, the European platform for Service-as-a-Software and agentic engineering, and author of Work After AI. Around 1,000 conversations with boards, owners, and PE funds across DACH and Europe.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>